<¸í¸êÇÏ´Â ºÒºû> ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³ ÄË ·ÎÄ¡. 1936³â 6¿ù 17ÀÏ ¿µ±¹ ´º´ÏÆ°¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ý. ¿Á½ºÆ÷µå ´ëÇп¡¼­ ¹ýÇÐÀ» Àü°øÇÑ ÈÄ, ¿¬±Ø°è¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾î ¼øȸ±Ø´ÜÈ°µ¿À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °è±â·Î ±×´Â TV¹æ¼Û°è¿¡ ÀÔ¹®ÇÏ¿´°í ÇÁ·Îµà¼­ Åä´Ï °¡³×Æ®¿Í ÇÔ²² ´ÙÅ¥µå¶ó¸¶ ½Ã¸®Á Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ Á¦ÀÛÇÑ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ È¨¸®½ºÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·é [ij½Ã Áý¿¡ ¿À´Ù]Àε¥ ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Ȩ¸®½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ý±ÔÁ¤ÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾úÀ» Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ¸¹Àº ¿µÈ­¸¦ °¨µ¶, Á¦ÀÛÇÑ ±×´Â À¯·´¿µÈ­ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÀεðÆæ´øÆ®·Î ³²Àº ÁÂÆÄ°¨µ¶ÀÌ¸ç ½Î¿ì´Â ÀÛ°¡ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ÀüÇüÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÛÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. [Ä®¶óÀÇ ³ë·¡(1996)], [·£µå ¾Ø ÇÁ¸®´ý(1995)], [·¹À̵ð¹öµå ·¹À̵ð¹öµå(1994)], [·¹ÀÌ´× ½ºÅæ(1993)], [¼û°ÜÁø ºñ¸Á·Ï(1990)], [¸³·¦(1990)], [Á¶±¹(1986)], [³Ê´Â ¾î´ÀÆíÀ̳Ä?(1984)], [¿Ü¸ð¿Í ¹Ì¼Ò(1981)], [»ç³É°¨Áö±â(1980)], [ºí·¢Àè(1979)], [°¡Á·¹®Á¦(1972)], [Äɽº(1969)], [ºÒ½ÖÇÑ ¾Ï¼Ò(1967)], [ij½Ã Áý¿¡ ¿À´Ù(1965)], [±³Â÷¿ª ÂÊÀ¸·Î(1965)] Kenneth Loach was born in Nuneaton, England, UK. After studying law at Oxford, he branched out into the theatre, performing with a touring repertory company. This led ot television, where in alliance with producer Tony Garnette he produced a series of docu-dramras, most notably the devastating `Cathy Come Home(1965)` whose impact was so massive that it led directly to a change in the homeless laws. He, having directed and produced many clips and films, is a paragon of auteurism as a leftist director making his sincere way in European filmdom. [Carla's Song(1996)], [Land and Freedom(1995)], [Ladybird Ladybird(1994)], [Raining Stones(1993)], [Hidden Agenda(1990)], [Riff-Raff(1990)], [Fatherland(1986)], [Which side are you on?(1984)], [Looks and Smiles(1981)], [Gamekeeper(1980)], [Black Jack(1979)], [Family Life(1972)], [Kes(1969)], [Poor Cow(1967)], [Cathy Come Home(1965)], [Up the Junction(1965)] ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ 1995³â 9¿ù ¿µ±¹ ¸®¹öÇ®¿¡¼­ 500¸íÀÇ Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ ¸á½ÃÇ×±¸È¸»ç·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô ÇØ°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸®¹öÇ® Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌÈÄ ÀϳâÀÌ ³Ñµµ·Ï ºÎ´çÇØ°í¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ÅõÀïÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç 1996³â 9¿ù 30ÀÏ ¸®¹öÇ® ÅõÀï 1ÁÖ³âÀ» ±âÇØ ÇÁ¶û½º, ½º¿þµ§, ÀϺ», ij³ª´Ù, µ§¸¶ºê µîÁöÀÇ Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ¸®¹öÇ® Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ ÁöÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿¬´ëÅõÀïÀ» ¹ú¿©³»°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸®¹öÇ® Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ Ã³À½ ÅõÀïÀ» ¹ú¿©³»¾úÀ» ¶§ ±×µéÀº ¿î¼Û ¹× ÀϹݾ÷Á¾³ë·Ã(T&G)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ö¸²¹Þ´Â µî(´ç½Ã ¿µ±¹³ëÁ¶´Â ÃѼ±¿¡ ´ëºñÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù) °í¸³»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª Áö±Ý ±×µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®´Â Àü¼¼°è Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®·Î ¿ï·Á ÆÛÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¨µ¶: ÄË ·ÎÄ¡ ½Ã°£: 50ºÐ Flickering Flames Sep. 1995, 500 Liverpool dockers were unfairly sacked by Mersey habour company. After that, Liverpool dockers have fouhgt against unfair dismissal for more than a year, and 30th, Sep. 1996, dockers of France, Sweden, Japan, Canada, Denmark took actions in solidarity with and gave their support to Liverpool dockers. When Liverpool dockers started their struggle, they were isolated and betrayed by their trade union, T&G, which had been interested in General Election. But their voice, the voice of Liverpool dockers is now echoing loudly as the voice of the dockers all over the world. director: Ken Loach time: 50min <Ç×±¸¸¦ µÚÈçµç ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé> ÀÛ°¡ ¼Ò°³ Anne-Marie Sweeny ´Ù¸¥ ¸¹Àº ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ ºñµð¿ÀÀÛ°¡µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, ¾Ø ¸Þ¸® ½ºÀ§´Ï´Â ¸¹Àº ÅõÀïÀÇ Á߽ɿªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ¿´´ø ¼ö³â°£ÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ ÈÄ¿¡ ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» ¸¸µé±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¿µÈ­´Â ÀÌ °æÇèµéÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÂøÃë¿Í ¾ï¾ÐÀÇ »óȲ¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ±ÞÁøÀûÀÎ º¯È­¸¦ ¼±µ¿ÇÏ´Â ,Á¾Á¾ °¡·ÁÁ®ÀÖ´Â ³ëµ¿°è±Þ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡ ƯÈ÷ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¿µÈ­µéÀº ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î »çȸµé°£¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼­·ÎÀÇ ÀúÇ×Àü¼úµéÀ» ¹è¿ï¼ö Àִ°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÛÇ°¼Ó¿¡¼­ °­Á¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÅõÀï ÇöÀåÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô ½Å¶öÇÑ ±âÁö¿Í ¿ôÀ½À» ÁÖ¸ç È®½Å°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã¾Æ³»·Á ÇÑ´Ù. Á¾Á¾ ź¾Ð¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÑ ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô ÅëÂû·Â°ú °¡´É¼ºÀ¸·Î ±×µéÀ» °í¹«½ÃÅ°°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¿µÈ­µéÀº ¼¼°èÀÇ ¿¬´ëÁ¶Á÷, ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ, ±×¸®°í ¿©¼º´Üü¿¡¼­ ³Î¸® »ó¿µµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Like many other labor videographers, Anne-Marie Sweeny began making her programmes after many years active engagement n the labor movement, where she played a central role in many struggles. Her work reflects theseexperiences. Her programmes particularly highlight the, often concealed, role of working class women, in confronting the exploitive and oppressive conditions and instigating radical change. They seek to underline the connections, that can be made, internationally, between communities, revealing how we can learn from one another's stratagies of resistance. Her programmes seek to capture the shared confidence and courage, that acid wit and humour gives to workers in their arenas of struggle. Wishing to inspire other by the sense of vision and possibilities, expressed by those in confrontation with often daunting forces - her work has widely used by solidarity groups, trade unions and women's organisations across the world. Filmography A Port in a Storm(1996/7), From Timex to Tuzla(1994), The Women From 10 Downing St.(1993), Street Siters(1992), Amazone Sisters(1992), A Potrait of Emma Mashinini(1989), Journeys(1989), Under Streets(1988), Need Must When the Devil Drives(1987). ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ Á¦ÀÛ ; Video News ¿¬Ãâ ; Anne-Marie Sweeney ¹è±Þ ; The Merseyside Port Shop Stewards Committee¿Í Women On the Waterfront(WOW) 1995³â 9¿ù ¸®¹öÇ®ÀÇ Ç׸¸ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ 500¸íÀÌ ÇØ°í µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ È¸»çÃøÀÇ È¸À¯¿Í °æÂûÀÇ Æø·Â¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ µÇã±â À§ÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»µéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú°í, ÀÌ´Â ±¹Á¦Àû ¿¬´ë·Î±îÁö È®´ë ¹ßÀüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» ´ãÀº ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº À̵éÀÌ ±â±ÝÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ¿© Á÷Á¢ Á¦ÀÛ, ¹è±ÞÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °­·ÂÇÑ °·ÆäÀÎ ºñµð¿À¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¾ó¾îºÙÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû ±â·ù ¼Ó¿¡¼­ À̵éÀÇ ÅõÀïÀÌ ¿Ö Áß¿äÇÏ¸ç ¿Ö È¶ºÒ°°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í Àִ°¡¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÇØ°íµÈ Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ¾Æ³»µé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ 'Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚ ÁöÁö ¿©¼º¸ðÀÓ(WOW)'ÀÇ °¢¿À¿Í ÅõÀïÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ½º¿þµ§, ij³ª´Ù, È£ÁÖ, ´ºÁú·£µå, ½ºÆäÀÎ, ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ µî µîÀÇ Ç׸¸³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ±¹Á¦Àû ¿¬´ë È°µ¿°ú ±× ÈÄ ¿¬´ë ÅõÀï¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇÏ°Ô µÈ 'Reclaim the Streets' ¿îµ¿ÀÇ È¯°æ¿îµ¿ È°µ¿°¡µéÀÌ ÃßÁøÇÑ µå·³°ú Ãã, ¿ë¸ð¾çÀÇ Å»À» µ¿¿øÇÑ ±æ°Å¸® Ä·ÆäÀÎÀ» Á¶¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. < Port in a Storm > Published by Video News Directed by Anne-Marie Sweeney Released by The Merseyside Port Shop Stewards Committee Women On the Waterfront 500 deckers of Liverpool were out at work in September, 1995. They have struggled against the pressure of police and the company. Their wives participated in the struggle in the name of Women On the Waterfront. The struggle extended to the international solidarity of longshore workers in Sweeden, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Spain, Italia and so on. They made this video by their fund, Dockers Dispute Fund. This powerful video compilation takes you an insight into this dispute is special and why their struggle is a beacon in today's bleak political climate. With a sense of immadiacy, the Dockers' video highlights he vibrant participation of the Women On The Waterfront, the contribution of international longshore workers, and more recently the frontline involvement of environmental activists from the Reclaim The Streets movement. <ÀϺ» ±¹Ã¶ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ÀαÇ> ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ 1987³â ÀϺ»±¹Ã¶È¸»ç(JNR)´Â ÀûÀڿÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î 7°³ÀÇ È¸»ç·Î ºÐÇÒ, ¹Î¿µÈ­µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÐÇÒ, ¹Î¿µÈ­·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀϺ»ÀÇ ³ëµ¿Á¶°ÇÀº ±ØÈ÷ ¾ÇÈ­µÇ¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ë·®ÇØ°í¿¡ ¸Â¼­ ÄÚÄí·Î ÅõÀïÀº ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ÀÌ ±â·Ï¿µÈ­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÀϺ»³» »óȲº¯È­, ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÄÚÄí·Î ÅõÀïÀÇ ÁøÇà»óȲ µîÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ç½Ç»ó °í¿ëÇÕ¸®È­¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ§ À籸Á¶È­°úÁ¤Àº ¼ö¸¹Àº ½Ç¾÷ÀÚ¸¦ ¾ç»êÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ´õ±¸³ª, ±â¾÷ÀûÀÚ¸¦ ÇؼÒÇϱâ´ÂÄ¿³ç À̸¦ ±¹¹Î¿¡ Àü°¡½ÃÅ°°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÄÚÄí·Î ÅõÀïÀº ºÎ´çÇÑ ³ëµ¿Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀúÇ×À̶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­, ¼¼°è ¸ðµç ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡 ÃæºÐÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ´Ù. Human Rights For the Japan National Railway Union In April, 1987, the Japan National Railway Company, which has 115 years of history, was privatized because it has deficit, divided into seven private corporations. Since these privatization and division, labor condition became worse and worse. Against these unjust employment policy and mass dismissal, Kokuro struggle started. This documentary film shows a series of events about Kokuro and the procedures of Kokuro struggle. So-called restructuring process, which is actually labor rationalization, made lots of workers dismissed. In addition, it could not rescue the deficit-ridden enterprise, but owed tremendous deficit to people. The Kokuro struggle is quite important to the rest of world as it protests against unfair labor practices. <°ú·Î»ç> ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³ ¿À°¡¿Í¸¶Ä¡ ¿µÈ­ Ŭ·´Àº ÀϺ» µ¿°æ¿¡¼­ 23³â°£ È°µ¿ÇØ ¿Ô°í, ½Ã»çȸ·Î óÀ½ Ãâ¹ßÇß´Ù. »ó¾÷ÀûÀÎ Á¦ÀÛÀڵ鵵 ¸¹Àº ÀÇ°ß°ú Á¤º¸, º¼°Å¸®¸¦ ÁÖÁö¸¸ °ü°´Àº ´ÜÁö ¼öµ¿ÀûÀÎ ¼ÒºñÀÚ¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¹®Á¦ÀǽĿ¡¼­ ÀÌ Å¬·´À» ¿­°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ´Þ¿¡ Çѹø ºñµð¿À¿Í ´ÙÅ¥¸àŸ¸®, °íÀü¸íÀÛ µîÀ» »ó¿µÇÏ°í ÀÇ°ßÀ» ³ª´©°í Åä·ÐÇÑ´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î ¿µÈ­°¨µ¶À» ÃÊûÇÏ¿© ±× ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇØ Åä·ÐÀ» Çϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ȸ¿øµéÁß ÀϺδ Ŭ·´ÀÇ ¿µ»óºÎ¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ¾î ½ÇÁ¦·Î ºñµð¿À¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇØ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ogawamachi Cine Club (Japan) Ogawamachi Cine Club has worked for 23 years in Tokyo Japan. It first started as a preview room. They had a critical mind that watchers are always just passive 'consumer', although commercial producers send a lot of opinions, information and so on. So, they started this club in orer to overcome this difficuty. They screen, comment on and discuss videos, documentaries and old masterpieces once a month. Sometimes they call the director of the film and discuss it with him/her. Some of them belong to the Visual Section of Ogawamachi Cine Club. These team members have produced videos. ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ ÀϺ»¿¡¼­´Â ¸Å³â ±³Åë»ç°í »ç¸ÁÀÚÀÇ ¼ö¿Í °°Àº 1¸¸¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ °ú·Î·Î Á×°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °ú·Î»çÀÇ À§Çè¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¬ 3000 ½Ã°£ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³ëµ¿À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸í¿¡ ´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ´ÙÅ¥¸àŸ¸®´Â °ú·Î»çÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ±¸Á¶ ±×¸®°í ÀϺ»Àû °æ¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ´Ù·ç°í ¶Ç °ú·Î»ç Èñ»ýÀÚÀÇ °¡Á·°ú °ü°èÀÚµé°úÀÇ ¸é´ãÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ±â¾÷°ú Á¤ºÎÀÇ ºÎ´çÇÑ ´ë¿ì¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀϺ»½Ä °æ¿µÃ¼Á¦ÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ ÀüÆÄ·Î ÀÎÇØ °ú·Î»ç°¡ ´ÜÁö ÀϺ»¸¸ÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦ÀÓÀ» ¹àÈ÷°í ÀÖ´Ù. KAROSHI Ten thousand more people die from overwork every year in Japan. This is equal to those killed in traffic accidents every year. Millions of people who work more than 3000 hours every year, are at the threshold of KAROSHI. This documentary searches for cause and mechanism of KAROSHI and shows the proalem of the Japanese type of management. Through interviews with families and supporters, it showes unjust and uncooperative attitude of the government and companies towards families of KAROSHI victims. This documentary also argues that the problem is an important international issue not limited to Japan, because the Japanese style of management is being introduced rapidly to other countries inthe world. <¸¶¿ì½ºÄܽÅ> ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³ ³ëµ¿ ¸¸È­°¡ ¸¶ÀÌÅ© ÄÚ³ëÆÄÅ°´Â °Ô¸® Çä°ú ÇÔ²² 1983³â ÀÌ·¡·Î ³ëµ¿¾ð·Ð¿¡ ¸¸È­¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ¿À°íÀÖ´Ù. ÇöÀç ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕüÀÎ 'Çä/ÄÚ³ëÆÄÅ° ³ëµ¿ ¸¸È­'´Â ¹Ì±¹°ú ij³ª´Ù¿¡ 120°³ÀÇ ¹è±Þ¸ÁÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¸¸È­´Â °¢±¹ÀÇ ¹Ì¼ú°ü°ú ¹Ú¹°°üÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ³Î¸® Àü½ÃµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ÙÀ½ 3ÆíÀÇ ¸¸È­ ÀÛÇ°ÁýÀ» ÇÔ²² ¹ßÇàÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. <±×·³ ¾È³ç! ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ> - 1987 <±×µé> - 1991 <¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¹ÌÄ£> - 1993 1996³â 11¿ù 4ÀÏ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±×µéÀº ¶óµð¿À ÅäÅ©¼î¿¡ ÃâÇöÇØ ¿Ô°í, ¸ÅÁÖ ¿ù¿äÀÏ ³ëµ¿ Çö½ÇÀ» ÈñÈ­ÀûÀ¸·Î dzÀÚÇÏ´Â 'ÀÛ¾÷Àå ¼ÒÇ°µé'À» ¿¬ÀçÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1995³â ÄÚ³ëÆÄÅ°´Â ÀÛ°¡ ¾Ë·º µÎºê·Î¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÆ÷µÈ ¸¸È­Áý '¼¼°èÀºÇà' '±Ç·ÂÀ̾߱â' '¾àÅ»°ú ÀúÇ×'À» âÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¾ð·Ð ¸Åü¿¡µµ °ü¿©ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù Mike Konopacki Labor cartoonists Mike Konopacki ,with Gary Huck, has provided a cartoon service to the labor press since 1983. Currently their syndicate, Huck/konopacki Labor Cartoons, has 120 subscriber in the U.S. and Canada. Their cartoons have been exhibited extensively, including: the health care workers Loca1199 Gallery in New York City, the Frick Fine Arts Gallery at the University of Pittsburgh, and the Museum of Cartoon Art in San Antonio, Cuba. Together they have compiled three collections of cartoons: BYE! AMERICAN - 1987 THEM - 1991 MAD IN USA -1993 Since Nov 4, 1996, Gary and Mike have been featured on Jim Hightower's radio talk show "Chat and Chew", exclusively on the United Broadcasting Network. Every Monday they present WORKPLACE FUNNIES, a hilarious look at the world of work. In 1995 Mike Konopacki and writer Alec Dubro created an internationally distributed comic book The WORLD BANK, A TALE OF POWER, PLUNDER AND RESISTANCE, for Public Services International. Mike Konopacki was also the creator of THE WAGE SLAVE WORLD NEWS, Trashy Journalism For The Working Class, labor's only supermarket tabloid. e-mail: Huckkopo@aol.com ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ ¸¶ÀÌÅ© ÄÚ³ëÆÄÅ°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µç ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¸¶¿ì½º ÄܽÅÀ̶ó´Â ÁãÀÇ ¸¶À»¿¡¼­´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª °í¾çÀÌ°¡ ÁãÀÇ ´ëÇ¥·Î ¼±ÃâµÇ¾î ±×µé¿¡°Ô ºÒ¸®ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥µé¸¸ÀÌ ÇàÇØÁö°í °í¾çÀ̵éÀÇ ±â¸¸ÀûÀÎ ÇàŸ¦ ±ú´ÞÀº ÁãµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ±×µéÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¸¦ ±×µé Áß¿¡¼­ Á¤Çϱâ·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÁٰŸ®¸¦ °¡Áø ªÀº ¸¸È­ÀÌ´Ù(5ºÐ). ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¼±°Å¿Í º¸¼öÁ¤Ä¡¸¦ dzÀÚÇÏ°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¸¦ ÁøÁ¤ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ ±×µé Áß¿¡¼­ »Ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÇÔÀǸ¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. MOUSECONSINE This film is the short cartoons created by Mike Konopocki ,in which mice who always elect cats as thier leaders acknowleged that it was wrong for them to elect deceitful cats as their leaders and determined they should choose one of them as a real leader. It satires election mechanism and conservative politics in U.S. It also implies that workers should choose their real leader among workers themselves. <¾Æ¿ô ¾Ü ¿öÅ©> ÀÛ°¡ ¼Ò°³ : Ä̸® ¾Ø´õ½¼, ÅÂ¹Ì °ñµå ÅÂ¹Ì °ñµå´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ »çȸÀû °³ÀÎÀû À̽´¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾î¿Â ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ ¸¹Àº »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Â ºñµð¿À ¾ÆƼ½ºÆ®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ³ëµ¿¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç¾î¿Ô´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×³à´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ù°£ TV ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ '±â·Î¿¡ ¼± ³ëµ¿ÀÚ'¶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ °øµ¿Á¦ÀÛÀÚÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÃÖ±Ù <¿¡¹Ð¸®¿Í ÁöŸ>, <È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î ¼º>, <¿Ö ¿©¼º ±â±ÝÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡> µîÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À» ¸¸µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â ´º¿å ÇåÅÍ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¾ð·ÐÇаú ±³¼ö·Îµµ ÀçÁ÷ÁßÀÌ´Ù. Ä̸® ¾Ø´õ½¼Àº Áö³­ 6³â°£ Á¦ÀÛÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¹è±ÞÀڷμ­ È°µ¿ÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ì±¹ °ø¿µ ¹æ¼Û PBSÀÇ 3ºÎÀÛ ½Ã¸®Áî <½ÅÈ£¿¡¼­ ¼ÒÀ½±îÁö : TV¿Í ÇÔ²² ÇÏ´Â »ýÈ°>À» °øµ¿ Á¦ÀÛÇß´Ù. 1992³âºÎÅÍ 1994³â±îÁö Ä̸®´Â <±â·Î¿¡ ¼± ³ëµ¿ÀÚ>ÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÚÀÌÀÚ ¿¬Ãâ°¡¿´°í, ±× ±â°£µ¿¾È ÀÇ·á ¹®Á¦, Æľ÷, ¹Ìµð¾î¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ¸ð½À µîÀ» ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â 15Æí ÀÌ»óÀÇ 30ºÐ ºÐ·® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÇöÀç ´º¿å ÇåÅÍ ´ëÇп¡¼­ ºñµð¿À Á¦ÀÛÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. Tami Gold is an award winning video artist whose work has addressed a wide range of social and personal issues. Many of her documentaries have addressed labor issues. She is also Co-executive producer of Labor at the crossroads, a monthly television program about labor and working people. She recently directed Emily and Gitta, Jugling gender and Why women's funds, etc. She is a professor in the Communications department at Hunter college in NY. Kelly Anderson has worked producing and distributing media for the past six years. She recently co-produced the PBS three part series Signal to Noise : Life with TV. From 1992-1994 Kelly was the producer and director of Labor at the crossroads, for which she has produced and directed more than 15 half-hour program on issues ranging from health care to strike to media representation of labor. Kelly teaches video production at Hunter college in NY. ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ 1991³â, ¾ÆƲ¶õŸ ±Ù±³¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ÇÑ ½Ä´çÀÇ ¿ä¸®»çÀÎ ½¦¸± ¼­¸ÓºôÀº, ±×³à°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¾ç¼º¾ÖÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÇØ°íÅëÁö¼­¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´ø °÷À» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ ¹Ì±¹³» 47°³ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â, ´ÜÁö µ¿¼º¾ÖÀÚ¶ó´Â ÀÌÀ¯¸¸À¸·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ ÇØ°í½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ö¿¬ÇÑ ÇÕ¹ýÀû ÇàÀ§·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. <¾Æ¿ô ¾Ü ¿öÅ©>´Â ¼¼¸íÀÇ °ÔÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ »îÀ» 5³âµ¿¾È ÃßÀûÇÑ ¿¬´ë±â Çü½ÄÀÇ ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®·Î, Ä̸® ¾Ø´õ½¼°ú Å×¹Ì °ñµå¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦ÀÛµÈ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µÈ­´Â ±×µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÃßÀûÇÏ¸ç µ¿¼º¾ÖÀÚµéÀÇ °í¿ëº¸ÀåÀ» À§ÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» Æ÷ÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ÀÌ ¿µÈ­¿¡¼­´Â ¾ç¼º¾ÖÀÚµéÀÌ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â µ¿¼º¾ÖÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¿¬´ë¿Í ÁöÁö¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹Ì´öÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ½É¿ÀÇÏÁö¸¸ Áö·çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ·Î ±â·ÏµÈ <¾Æ¿ô ¾Ü ¿öÅ©>´Â µ¿¼º¾ÖÀÚµé°ú ¿ì¸®µé Àΰ£ ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô Ä¿´Ù¶õ ³íÀï°Å¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù. In 1991 Cheryl Summerville, a cook in a suburban Atlanta restaurant, received a termination paper stating that she was fired for "failing to demonstrate normal heterosexual values." She was shocked to discover that in 47 American states, including her own, it was legal to fire workers simply for being homosexual. OUT AT WORK, a new documentary by Kelly Anderson and Tami Gold, chronicles the dramatic stories of three gay workers over the course of five years: Cheryl Summerville, Detroit auto worker Ron Woods, and New York Public Library clerk Nat Keitt. It follows them at home, at work and through their collective fight to secure workplace safety, job security and employee benefits for gay and lesbian workers. The film illustrates the struggles of hetero sexual co-workers to deal with, and ultimately support, their gay and lesbian peers. In a moving, profound and entertaining style, OUT AT WORK raises critical issues about workplace rights, the role of legislation and labor unions and, ultimately, the human rights of us all. 1997 Sundance Film Festivel 55 Minutes COLOR VIDEO/16MM <Àεµ2> ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³ ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ- ±×´Â ÃÖ±Ù 20³â°£ Àεµ¿¡¼­ ÀϾ Á¤Ä¡,»çȸÀû »ç°Çµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â·Ï¿µÈ­µéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹ÎÁ߿µé¿¡µµ °ü·ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ±×´Â Á¾±³Àû ±Ùº»ÁÖÀǸ¦ ºñÆÇÇÑ ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ÀåÆí¿µÈ­¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¿µÈ­Áß ´ëºÎºÐÀº ±¹¿µTV³ª ¹è±Þ¸Áµé¿¡ °ÅºÎ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù, ±×·¯³ª ¿ÃÇØ, 6°³¿ùÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤°ø¹æ³¡¿¡ 2°³ÀÇ ¿µÈ­°¡ ¹æ¼ÛµÇ´Âµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â µ¿¾È 16mm µ¶¸³±â·Ï¿µÈ­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀÌ °í°¥µÊ¿¡ µû¶ó, ±×´Â ÈïÇ༺¾ø´Â ¼ÒÀç·Î 16mm¿µÈ­¸¦ ¸¸µé±âº¸´Ù´Â ÇÏÀÌ8¹Ì¸®(Hi-8) ¾Æ¸¶Ãò¾î ºñµð¿À ¿µÈ­ÂÊÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. ¼Ò°³µÈ ÀÛÇ°¿Ü ±×ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛÇ°Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. [½ÅÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î(1992)], [¾Æ¹öÁö, ¾Æµé, ±×¸®°í ¼ºÀü(1994)] Anand Patwardhan- He made documentaries about social and political issues in India for the last twenty years, also involved in various peoples' movements. Recently he made three feature length films against religious fundamentalism. Most of his acclaimed films were banned by State-controlled TV and distribution networks, but this year two films were finally telecast following a 6 year court battle. With funding for 16mm independent documentary filmmaking drying up in recent years, he has opted for shooting on amateur Hi-8 rather than giving up the possibility of filming events and attitudes that are hard to market. His films include: In the Name of God (1992), Father, Son and Holy War (1994) ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ I- "¹æÁ÷°øÀå ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé" (Àεµ/1996/Èùµð,¸¶¶óµð/20ºÐ/Ä®¶ó) º½º£À̽ó» ¹æÁ÷°øÀåÆó¼â¿¡ ¸Â¼± ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÅõÀï¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÅ¥¸àŸ¸® ¹æÁ÷ »ê¾÷Àº ÇѶ§ º½º£ÀÌ °æÁ¦ÀÇ ÁßÃß»ê¾÷À̾ú´Ù. ¼ö¸¹Àº ¹æÁ÷°øÀå³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº À̵µ½Ã¿¡ ³ëµ¿°è±Þ¹®È­¸¦ Àϱ¸¾î ³Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¿À´Ã³¯ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÚº»ÅõÀÚ°ú ºÎµ¿»ê°¡°Ý ÆøµîÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î, ¹æÁ÷°øÀåÀ» ¿î¿µÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ±×¶¥À» ÆȾƹö¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀεµÀÇ Çö½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Àεµ³»¿¡¼­ ¹æÁ÷»ê¾÷ÀÇ ¼è¶ôÀº ÇϳªÀÇ Å«È帧ÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹æÁ÷°øÀå °æ¿µÁøµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ 4³â°£ÀÇ Á÷ÀåÆó¼âÈÄ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ´º±×·¹ÀÌÆ® À̽ºÅÏ ¹æÁ÷°øÀåÀ» °­Á¦·Î Á¡°ÅÇÑ »ç°ÇµéÀ» Hi-8 ºñµð¿À¿¡ ´ã¾Ò´Ù. °¨µ¶,°¢º»,ÆíÁý,Á¦ÀÛ: ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ ÃÔ¿µ: ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ, ½Ã¸¸Æ¼´Ï µÎ·ç À½¾Ç: ¾ÆºêÇÑ ³ªÆ®¾ß ¸¸Ä¡ ³ìÀ½: ½Ã¸¸Æ¼´Ï µÎ·ç Á¦°ø: ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ ÀüÈ­: 91-22-4143782 / Æѽº: 91-22-4142946 E-¸ÞÀÏ: anandp@giasbm01.vsnl.net.in "Occupation: Mill-Worker" (INDIA/1996/Hindi, Marathi/20mins/Colour) on the workers' fight to reopen closed textile mills in Bombay. Textile mills were once the backbone of Bombay's economy. Workers in their thousands brought the city its working class culture. Today increased foreign investment and rising real-estate prices have made it more profitable to sell mill lands than to run mills. Mill 'sickness' is now an epidemic. Occupation:Mill Worker records on Hi-8 video, events after a 4-year lock-out by management, when workers forcibly occupied The New Great Eastern Mill. Director, Script, Editing, Producer: Anand Patwardhan Photography: Anand Patwardhan, Simantini Dhuru Music: Aavhaan Natya Manch Sound: Simantini Dhuru Source: Anand Patwardhan Phone: 91-22-4143782 / Fax: 91-22-4142946 e-mail: anandp@giasbm01.vsnl.net.in II- "¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ¿ø¼þÀÌ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù" (Àεµ/1996/Èùµð,¸¶¶óµð/5ºÐ/Ä®¶ó) ÅäÂø¹ÎÀ» ¸ô¾Æ³»°í ¶¥À» Â÷ÁöÇÑ ¾Æ¸®¾ÈÁ·À» ÇÏ´©¸¸(Hanuman)À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»´Â, ¶ó¸¶¾ß³ª(Ramayana)¸¦ ÇÏÃþ°è±ÞÀÇ ½Ã°¢À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ¿© Çü»óÈ­ÇÑ ³ë·¡. *ÇÏ´©¸¸(Hanuman)-ÈùµÎÀü¼³¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¿ø¼þÀ̽Š*¶ó¸¶¾ß³ª(Ramayana)-Àεµ 2´ë¼­»ç½ÃÁß Çϳª »çõ³âÀÌ ³Ñ°Ô Àεµ¿¡¼­´Â ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ Ä«½ºÆ®Á¦µµ°¡ ½Å¼ººÒ°¡Ä§ÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÂøÃ븦 Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ôÀº°èÃþ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ³·Àº°èÃþÀ» "¸¸Á®¼­µµ ¾ÈµÇ´Â"Á¸Àç·Î ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÇßÁö¸¸, Á¤ÀÛ ±×µéÀÇ »ý°è´Â ÇÏÃþ°èÃþµéÀÇ ³ëµ¿·Â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À¯ÁöµÇ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Ä«½ºÆ®Á¦µµ´Â ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ °ÍÀΰ¡? ¿ª»ç, Á¾±³, ¹®ÇеîÀº ¸ðµÎ Áö¹è°è±Þ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±â·ÏµÇ¾ú°í, ÇÏÃþ°èÃþ¹ÎµéÀº ±³À°ÀÇ ±Ç¸®°¡ öÀúÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÈùµÎ½ÅÈ­ÀÇ »Ñ¸®¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °í´ë »ê½ºÅ©¸®Æ®¹®ÇÐÀ» ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ¸®¾È À¯¸ñ¹ÎÁ·µéÀÌ ÇǺΰ¡ °ËÀº ÅäÂø¹ÎÁ·À» ħ·«ÇßÀ½À» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â ¹®ÇåÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. Ä«½ºÆ®¶ó´Â ¶æÀÇ "¹Ù¸£³ª"¶ó´Â »ê½ºÅ©¸®Æ®¾î´Â "ÇǺλö"À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·Î º¸¾Æ, Ä«½ºÆ®°£ °áÈ¥À» ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ ±ÔÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Ä«½ºÆ®Á¦µµÀÇ ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ÀÎÁ¾Àû ¼ø¼ö¼º°ú Áö¹èÀÚÀÇ Æ¯±ÇÀ» À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ÇÏÃþ°èÃþ¹ÎµéÀº ½Å¼ººÒ°¡Ä§ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀÎ [¼±ÃµÀû ¿­µî¼º]ÀÇ °ü³äÀ» ºÎ¼ö°í, ±×µéÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ´Ù½Ã ¾²°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ´ç½ÅµéÀÇ ¿ø¼þÀÌ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù(We Are Not Your Monkeys), ´Ù¾ß ÆÄ¿Í°¡ ÀÛ°îÇÏ°í, »ïºêÇÏÁö ¹Ù°«ÀÌ ³ë·¡ÇÑ ÀÌ ³ë·¡´Â ÈùµÎ½ÅÈ­ÀÇ ¶ó¸¶¾ß³ªÀ̾߱⸦ ÇÏÃþ°è±ÞÀû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ Çؼ®ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¨µ¶, ÃÔ¿µ, ÆíÁý, Á¦ÀÛ: ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ °¢º»: ´Ù¾ß ÆÄ¿Í, »ïºê³ªÁö ¹Ù°«, ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ À½¾Ç: »ïºêÇÏÁö ¹Ù°« ³ìÀ½: ³ª¸°´õ ½Ì Ã⿬: »ïºêÇÏÁö ¹Ù°«°ú ±×Áý´Ü Á¦°ø: ¾Æ³­µå ÆÄÆ®¿ÍµåÇÑ "We are not your Monkeys" (INDIA/1996/Hindi, Marathi/5mins/Colour) a song picturizing a dalit interpretation of the Ramayana in which Hanuman (the Monkey God of Hindu legend) is revealed as an Aryan expropriation of indigenous people. For over four thousand years a brutal caste hierarchy in India divine status for exploitation. The "higher" caste dehumanized the lower, depicting them as "untouchable" yet living off their labor. Where did caste come from? History, religion, and literature are recorded by the elite-the lower castes were explicitly denied the right ot education. Scholars examining the ancient Sanskrit literature upon which much Hindu mythology depends, have found references to a victory by nomadic Aryan tribes over a darker-skinned indigenous population. As "varna" the Sanskrit word for caste means "color" perhaps one function of the caste system with its strict prohibition of inter-caste mingling, was preserving the racial purity and privilege of the conqueror. Today people of lower caste are shaking off notions of divine inferiority and retelling their story. We Are Not Your Monkeys, a song composed along with Daya Pawar and sung by Sambhaji Bhagat, gives a dalit(lower caste) perspective to the Ramayana story of Hindu legend. Director, Photography, Editing, Producer: Anand Patwardhan Script: Daya Pawar, Sambhaji Bhagat, Anand Patwardhan Music: Sambhaji Bhagat Sound: Narinder Singh Cast: Sambhaji Bhagat and Party Source: Anand Patwardhan <·ÎÀú¿Í ³ª> ÀÛ°¡ ¼Ò°³: ¸¶ÀÌŬ ¹«¾î ¹Ì½Ã°£ÁÖ Çø°Æ® Ãâ½Å. ´ë¾ÈÀû(alternative) ½Å¹®»çÀÎ 'Michigan Voice'¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ Çø°Æ®½ÃÀÇ GM°øÀåÆó¼â »çÅ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÀÚ º¸¸§µ¿¾È ¹è¿î ÃÔ¿µ±â¼úÀ» °¡Áö°í 1³â¿©¸¦ ÃÔ¿µÇÑ '·ÎÀú¿Í ³ª'¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© 89³â ¹Ì±¹ ¹× ¿©·¯ ±¹Á¦¿µÈ­Á¦¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¿ì¼ö ÀÛÇ°»ó µîÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ¹Ì±¹ ºñÆò°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ '±×ÇØ 10´ë ¿µÈ­'·Î ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù. '·ÎÀú¿Í ³ª'ÀÇ ¼öÀͱÝÀ¸·Î '´ë¾ÈÀû ¹Ìµð¾î ¼¾ÅÍ(Alternative Media Center)'¸¦ ¼³¸³ÇÏ¿© »çȸ¿îµ¿´Üü¿Í µ¶¸³¿µÈ­´Üü ÈÄ¿ø±â±ÝÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î´Â '·ÎÀú¿Í ³ª'ÀÇ ¿¡ÇÊ·Î±× Á¦ÀÛ¹°ÀÎ , ±Ø¿µÈ­ (95³â Ä­´À °ø½ÄÃÊûÀÛ), µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Introduction about director:Michael Moore Born in Flint Michigan.run Michigan Voice,a alternative newspaper publishing company;And then when the shutdown of automobile factories of G.M in Flint happened,he produced 'Roger & Me' filmed for one year with camera technique which he learned for a half month. He won the best award in the U.S.A as well as several international film festival in 1989,and the film was selected as "10th film in the year" by U.S critics.With the earning made by 'Roger & Me', he established 'Alternative Media and arranged a support fund for independent film association and social movement groups.after this,the include ,a epilogue production of 'Roger & Me',,a drama film,and ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ 1988³â. ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷, GMÀÇ ·ÎÀú ½º¹Ì½º ȸÀåÀº ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿·Â È®º¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸ß½ÃÄÚ °øÀåÀÌÀü °èȹ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹Ì±¹ Çø°Æ®½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 11°³ °øÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æó¼â¸¦ ´ÜÇàÇÑ´Ù. °øÀå Æó¼â¿Í ÇÔ²² ³ëµ¿ÀÚ 3¸¸¿©¸íÀº ´ëÃ¥¾ø´Â ½Ç¾÷»óÅ¿¡ ºüÁö°í Çø°Æ®½ÃÀÇ »çȸ °æÁ¦Àû »óȲÀº ÃÖ¾ÇÀ¸·Î Ä¡´Ý´Â´Ù. '·ÎÀú¿Í ³ª'´Â GMÀÇ »çÀåÀÎ ·ÎÀú ½º¹Ì½º¸¦ Çø°Æ®½Ã·Î µ¥·Á¿Í »ýÁ¸±ÇÀ» ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀÏ Ã¼ÇèÀ» ½ÃÅ°°Ú´Ù´Â '¸¶ÀÌŬ¹«¾î'ÀÇ Áý¿äÇÏ°íµµ ´«¹°°Ü¿î ³ë·ÂÀ» µû¶ó ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. 1³â¿© µ¿¾È ÃÔ¿µµÈ ÀÌ ¿µÈ­´Â ÀÚº»°¡°¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ÂøÃëÇÏ°í ±â¸¸Çϴ°¡¸¦ ³¯Ä«·Ó°Ô dzÀÚÇÑ ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®ÀÌ´Ù. Roger & Me (Director: Michael Moore) In 1988, Roger Smith, the president of general Moters, which is one of worldwide enterprises, carried out the shutdown of 11 factories in Flint, U.S.A with a plan to transfer the factories to Mexico to obtain low-waged labors. With the shutdown ,over 30,000 labors were unemploloyed without other alternatives, and social, economic conditions in Flint became worse The story of 'Roger & Me' is about persisting and pathetically sincere efforts of Michael Moore,who intends to malice Roger Smith,the president of G.M, experience daily in Flint the life of labors deprived from the right to live. This movie, filmed for about one year, is a keen sartirical documentary on how a capitalist exploit labors. <¸ÞÆ®·Î ÅõÀïÀÇ ³¯> ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³ Working TV´Â ij³ª´Ù¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ Á¶Á÷È­°¡ °¡Àå Àß µÈ British Columbia(BC)ÁÖ¿¡¼­, ÁÙ¸®¾î½º ÇǼſ¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖ°£À¸·Î Á¦À۵ȴÙ. BCÁÖ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ¾à 40%°¡ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿øÀÌ´Ù. ÇǼŴ BC¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å«µµ½ÃÀÎ ¹ðÄí¹ö¿¡¼­ ¹ö½º¿î¼Û ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ µî ¿©·¯ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿¡¼­ 16³â°£ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏ°ú ij³ª´Ù ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô °¡Àå Æø³ÐÀº ÁöÁö¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ëÁßÀû »çȸ ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÎ ½Å¹ÎÁÖ´ç(NPD)¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ÇÔ²² Çß¾ú´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ½Å¹ÎÁÖ´çÀº BC¿¡¼­ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àâ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ¼ö»ó(ÃѸ®? ÀÇÀå?)Àº Business Agent ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ¾Æµé(?)ÀÌÀÚ ÀÌÀü ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ Á¶Á÷°¡ÀÌ´Ù. Fisher´Â ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÔ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀÏ°ú NPT¿¡¼­ÀÇ È°µ¿Áß¿¡ ¾ð·Ð¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °®±â ½ÃÀÛÇؼ­ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ°ú NDP½Å¹®»çÀÇ ÆíÁýÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. 1988³â¿¡ »ç°í¸¦ ´çÇÑÈÄ ¹ö½º¿îÀüÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ°í ¼­¸¥¿©´üÀÇ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ »çÀ̸óÇÁ·¹ÀÌÁ®´ëÇп¡¼­ ¾ð·ÐÇÐ °øºÎ¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ÈÅä´Ï¿À ±×¶÷½Ã, ³ë¾Ï ÃνºÅ°¿Í °°Àº ¿©·¯ ÁÂÆÄ ¸Å½ºÄÄ À̷а¡µéÀÇ Çй®¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â À̵¥¿Ã·Î±âÀû Çì°Ô¸ð´Ï¸¦ Á¿ìÇÏ´Â TVÀÇ Èû°ú ¿ªÇÒÀ» È®½ÅÇÏ°í ¸î¸î ³ëÁ¶ÀÇ Áö¿ª¹æ¼Û ±â±ÝÀ¸·Î 1993³â ³ëµ¿Àý¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ TV¹æ¿µÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ Working TV´Â ºÏ¹Ì¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÀÚüÀÇ µðÁöÅÐ ÆíÁý±â¼ú°ú Áö¿ª¹æ¼Û½Ã¼³ÀÌ °áÇÕµÈ °÷ÀÌ¸ç ¹æ¼ÛÀåºñ¿Í Àü¹®ÀûÀÌ¸ç ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¿øÀÎ ½ºÅÜÁøÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Working TVÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¿©·¯ »óÀ» ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´°í ±¹³», ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃûÀÚ¸¦ È®º¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. working TV is produced weekly by Julius Fisher in British Columbia (BC), Canada most highly unionized province. Nearly 40% of BC workers are in unions. Fisher has worked at many union jobs including driving city transit bus in Vancouver, BC largest city, for 16 years. He was an activist in both his union and in the New Democratic Party (NDP), Canada mass social democratic party which has wide support among Canadian labour. Currently the NDP is in power in BC and the Premier is the son of a union Business Agent, and a former union organizer himself. In both his union and NDP work Fisher was drawn to communications and became editor of both union and NDP newspapers. After an injury in 1988 he had to quit bus driving and began Communications studies at Simon Fraser University at age 38. He was enthused by the work of many left communications theorists such as Antonio Gramsci and Noam Chomsky. He learned about the role and power of television in maintaining ideological hegemony, and consequently convinced some unions to fund a “community access? television show for labour beginning on Mayday 1993. Today, working TV is unique in North America in that it combines its own digital editing facilties, with community access equipment and broadcast facilities with professional, unionized crew. The show has won several awards and is gaining a national audience and international audience. ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ '¸ÞÆ®·Î ÅõÀïÀÇ ³¯'Àº 1996³â 10¿ù 26ÀÏ, ij³ª´ÙÀÇ °¡Àå Å« µµ½ÃÀÎ ¿ÂŸ¸®¿ÀÁÖ Åä·ÐÅä½Ã¸¦ ¸¶ºñ½ÃŲ ÃÑÆľ÷ ´ÙÀ½ÁÖ¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. Ä·ÄÚ´õ·Î ÃÔ¿µÇÑ ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÃÑÆľ÷ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÇÏÀ̶óÀÌÆ®¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àú¿¹»êÀ¸·Î Á¦À۵Ǿú´Ù. Working TV´Â ij³ª´ÙÀÇ Áß½ÉÁö¿ªÀÎ Åä·ÐÅä·ÎºÎÅÍ 5000¸¶ÀÏ ¶³¾îÁø ¼­ºÎÇؾȿ¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ British Columbia(BC) Áö¿ª¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ Áö¿ª¹æ¼ÛÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, Àº Working TV¿¡°Ô ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ »ç¾ÈÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Working TV´Â ÀÌ »ç¾ÈÀÌ ÁÖ·ù¹æ¼Ûµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Ü¸é´çÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿¹»óÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Metro Days of Action'ÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ Working TV¿¡¼­ Á¦ÀÛµÈ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À̶ó°í ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°À» ¸¸µç °ÍÀ» ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù, ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ´ë·úÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ÂŸ¸®¿À¿¡¼­ÀÖ¾ú´ø ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ¸ç ¶Ç ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ¿µÈ­°¡ ¼¼»ó »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ij³ª´ÙÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿À» º¼¼ö Àִ â±¸ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϱ⸦ Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù. Metro Days of Action was produced the week after the General Strike in Toronto, Ontario on Friday October 26, 1996 which shut down Canada largest city. It is a low-budget volunteer production shot with camcorders which attempted to portray the highlights of this important event. This show is atypical for working TV, which usually does stories based in its home province of British Columbia (BC) on Canada’s west coast, 5000 miles away from Toronto in Canada centre. However, working TV chose to cover the Metro Days of Action event because we anticipated that this story would be blacked out by the mainstream media. We were correct. Although it is clearly not one of our better shows, we are proud that we produced it because it has made workers across the continent familiar with the struggle in Ontario, and we hope, provided a bit of a window into the Canadian labour movement for international viewers.. <¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø> ÀÛ°¡ ¼Ò°³ Å©¸®½º ¸®ºêÁî Å©¸®½º ¸®ºêÁî´Â 70³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ ¿©·¯ ÆíÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ °ü·Ã ÀÛÇ°À» ¸¸µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ±×´Â, ¿µ±¹ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿À» ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÅäÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. Chris Reeves Chris Reeves has directed several films on labor issues since 70's. He directed the series of documentaries on British labor movement which traces the born of the labor movement and recent struggles by working people in Britain. ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ Á¦ÀÛ ¿¬µµ : 1983 °¨µ¶ : Å©¸®½º ¸®ºêÁî ³ª·¹ÀÌ¼Ç : Anne Lamont <¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø>Àº ºÏ ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ °¥µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸® ¿µÈ­Áß °¡Àå ³íÀïÀûÀÎ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº 1983³â ä³Î 4 TV¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ óÀ½ °ø°³µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, IBA ±â±¸ ÃøÀÇ ºÎºÐ »èÁ¦ ¿äûÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áø ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. »ó¿µÈÄ, ä³Î 4 ¹æ¼Û±¹ ÃøÀº ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ Á¦±âµÈ À̽´µéÀ» º¸´Ù ±í°Ô ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» ±âȹÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ °­Á¡Àº Áö³­ 15³â°£ÀÇ ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÎµé ½º½º·Î°¡ ¹ß¾ðÇϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µÈ­´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¼ö ½Ê³â µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î¿Â ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ³»ºÐÀ» ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù ÀÌ ³»ºÐÀº Á¾±³ÀûÀ̸ç Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÌ°í ±º»çÀûÀÎ ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ Àα¸ 2/3¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ½Å±³µµµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¤´çÀÎ ¿¬¹æÁÖÀÇÁ¤´çÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© 1921³â ÀÌÈÄ ÁÙ°ð Á¤±ÇÀ» Àâ¾Æ¿Â ¹Ý¸é, Ä«Å縯±³µµ´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû °æÁ¦Àû ºÒÆòµî¿¡ óÇØ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬¹æÁÖÀǶó´Â ´ë¿µÁ¦±¹ ½Ã±âÀÇ À¯·É¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇô ÀÖ°í, Á¤Ä¡Àû °æÁ¦Àû ±âµæ±Ç¿¡ ºüÁ®ÀÖ´Â ½Å±³µµµéÀº ÀÌÀÇ °³¼±À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â Ä«Å縯±³µµ¿¡°Ô Áý´ÜÀû, Áرº»çÀû Å×·¯¿Í °ø±Ç·ÂÀ» µ¿¿øÇÑ Á¶Á÷Àû ź¾ÐÀ» °¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä«Å縯°è´Â ¹Î±Ç ¿îµ¿°ú ½ÃÀ§, ´Ü½Ä ±×¸®°í IRAµî ¹«ÀåÅõÀïÀ¸·Î ¸Â¼±´Ù. °ÈÀâÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â ´ë¸³ÀÇ ¿ÍÁß¿¡ ¿µ±¹ÀÌ Á÷Á¢ °³ÀÔÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ±âÁ¸ Â÷º°Á¤Ã¥Àº öȸµÇÁö ¾Ê°í »óÈ£ º¸º¹Àº ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ Çʸ§Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå ³»ºÐÀ» ÀÜÀÜÇÏ°Ô º¸¿© ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ ±¤½ÅÀ̶ó´Â ÇãÀ§ÀǽÄÀ» °í¹ßÇÏ°í, ±× Áý´ÜÀû Ãæµ¹ÀÇ ¹ÙÅÁ¿¡ ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î »Ñ¸® ±íÀº Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÌ°í °æÁ¦Àû Â÷º°À̶ó´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. °³ÀεéÀÇ ÀÎÅͺä¿Í ÀÚ·áÈ­¸éÀº ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå Çö´ë»ç¶ó´Â ¹«°Å¿î ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ °´°üÀûÀ̸鼭µµ »ý»ýÇÏ°Ô ÆîÃÄ º¸ÀδÙ. is one of the most controversial documentary films ever made about the present conflict in the Northern Ireland. It was first shown on Channel Four TV in October 1983, but only after the Independent Broadcasting Authority had demanded cuts in the film. After it was shown, Channel four devoted a further programme to discussing the issues raised in the film. The great merit of this film is that it lets the people of the Northern Ireland speaks for themselves about the history of the last fifteen years. This film depicts the conflict in Ireland, Which has continued for the last decades. This conflict concerns with the religious situation, as well as political one. The Unionist Party, which stands for Protestants(2/3 of the Irish population), had been in power since 1921. Catholics, on the other hand, were discriminated both politically and economically. Protestants, possessed by old Unionism, suppressed Catholics who call for equality and reformation. Against this explicit oppression by the government force, Cathilics struggled through civil rights movement, demonstration, fast, and armed revolts by IRA. England intervened in this intense confrontaion, never to abolish the discriminative policy against Irish Catholics nor to stop mutual retaliation. Showing this conflict in Ireland calmly, this film reveals the hypocrisy of religious fanaticism in Irerand and its political and economical background. Private interviews and non-fictional video clips vividly describe the modern history of Ireland from the objective point of view. <³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´Ü ¼Ò°³> ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´ÜÀº 1989³â¿¡ ¼³¸³µÈ ÀÌÈÄ, ÇöÀç±îÁö Áøº¸ÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ 30ÆíÀÌ ³ÑÀº ±³À° ºñµð¿À, ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´ÜÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ È°µ¿ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿¿¡ º¹¹«ÇÏ°í, ¹ÎÁÖÀû ¸Åü ȯ°æÀ» ¸¸µé¾î °¡´Âµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ÀÛÇ° ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â ÁÖ·ù ¹Ìµð¾î¿¡¼­ ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ÅõÀï, ±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¿ª»ç, Àü·«, ¹®Á¦, ±×¸®°í ¹Ìµð¾îÀÇ ¹®Á¦ µîÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºñµð¿ÀµéÀº ³ëÁ¶, °³º° ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, ¿¬±¸ÀÚ µå¸®°í È°µ¿°¡µéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¹è±ÞµÈ´Ù. ±³À° ÈÆ·Ã ºÐ¾ß¿Í °ü·ÃÇؼ­´Â 1991³â ÀÌÈÄ ¹Ìµð¾î ºñÆÇ°ú ºñµð¿À Á¦ÀÛ ±³À°À» ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÁøÇàÇØ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, ÃÖ±Ù 6³âµ¿¾È ±¹Á¦ ¹Ìµð¾î ¿îµ¿°ú ±³·ùÇϸç ÇöÀç´Â ±¹Á¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ºñµð¾ÆÁö¹«½ºÀÇ ÁýÇàÀ§¿øȸ ¼Ò¼Ó ´ÜüÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. Labor News Production LNP (Labor News Production) was established in 1989 and since that time, has made more than 30 educational videos and documentaries on independent and progressive labor movement in Korea. The principal objective of LNP's activities is to promote the labor movement and to make the democratic media situation. The content of the videos are as follows ; the struggles not covered in mainstream media and history, strategy, problems and media concerning the labor movement. These videos are distributed through the union organizations, many individual workers, researchers and activists. Concerning the training area, from 1991, LNP has trained the workers and ordinary citizens to criticize the mainstream media, and trains them to make their own videos. Also, LNP has participated in international media activism for 6 years and now a board member of international coalition Videazimut. ÇØ°íÀÚ ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ Á¦À۳⵵ : 1997³â Á¦ÀÛ : ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´Ü 1995³â 12¿ù 15ÀÏ »õº®. Àü±¹ ±¸¼Ó ¼ö¹è ÇØ°í³ëµ¿ÀÚ ¿ø»óȸº¹ Ã˱¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÅõÀïÀ§¿øȸ (ÀÌÇÏ ÀüÇØÅõ) ³ó¼ºÀåÀÎ ¿©Àǵµ ¹ÎÁÖ´ç»ç. ÇÑ ÇØ°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ ¸ñÀ» ¸Å°í ÀÚ»ìÀ» Çß´Ù. ±×´Â 91³â¿¡ ´ë¿ìÁ¤¹Ð¿¡¼­ ÇØ°íµÈ º´¿ªÆ¯·Ê ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ±×ÀÇ Á×À½À» ÅëÇØ 93³â ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ Ä¡¿­ÇÏ°Ô ÅõÀïÇØ ¿Â ÇØ°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ¹ßÀÚÃ븦 ±×·Á³½ °ÍÀ¸·Î, 3³â¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÀüÇØÅõ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» °è¼Ó ÃëÀçÇØ ¿Â °ÍÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ³ª·¹À̼ÇÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ÀÎÅͺä¿Í ÇöÀåÀ½À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. Fired Workers At the dawn of December 15th, 1995, one fired worker who was a member of the fired workers organization killed himself. He was fired in 1991 because of union activities. During 80's and 90's, many Korean workers were fired because this reason and also because of political activities. After so-called civil government was launched, these workers situation never changed and it was symbolic case of pro-capitalist government policy. traces the struggles and lives of these fired workers mainly focusing on the activities of Fired workers organization for more than three years. ÃÑÆľ÷ ÅõÀï ¼Óº¸ Á¦ 2 È£ ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ Á¦À۳⵵ : 1997³â Á¦ÀÛ : ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´Ü ¿ÃÇØ 1¿ù ÀÖ¾ú´ø Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÃÑÆľ÷Àº Àü¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÅÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¹Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀû °ø¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±ÞÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ¸·Î Àü¼¼°èÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£µ¿¾È, ÀüÀÚ Åë½Å°ú ºñµð¿À°¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°í È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ºñµð¿ÀÀÇ °æ¿ì, ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´º½º Á¦ÀÛ´ÜÀº Æľ÷ ±â°£µ¿¾È µÎ ÆíÀÇ ºñµð¿À ¼Óº¸¸¦ ¸¸µé¾úÀ¸¸ç ¹ÎÁÖ ³ëÁ¶ Áø¿µÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î ±âµ¿¼ºÀÖ°Ô ÀÛÇ°À» ¹è±ÞÇس´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº »óȲÀ» Á¶¸ÁÇÏ°í, ¹ÎÁÖ³ëÃÑÀÇ ÅõÀï ¹æħ µîÀ» ºñµð¿À¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ÆľÇÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ¹Ì±¹, ÀϺ», ¿µ±¹, µ¶ÀÏ µî¿¡µµ ¹è±ÞµÇ¾î ±¹Á¦ ¿¬´ë¸¦ ÁõÁøÇϱ⵵ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, º£¸¦¸° ¿µÈ­Á¦ÀÇ ¿µ Æ÷·³ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ÃÊûµÇ¾î ½Ã»çȸ¿Í Åä·Ðȸ¸¦ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â °è±â¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. Urgent report on general strike vol.2 The general strike by Korean democratic unions this January symbolically represented the workers's fightback against the Neoliberalism which attacks the basic rights of working people. During this strike, electronic communication and video were widely and effectively used. Concerning the video, Labor News Production (LNP) made the urgent two video reports on the strike. These two videos which includes the 1st report (30 minutes) and the 2nd report (50 minutes) were made in the middle of the strike and immediately distributed throughout the nation using the networking of the existing democratic unions. Outcome of these collective activities were then widely distributed. Working people saw these videos and use these as a informing and discussing tool for the understanding of situation and making future strategy. These videos were also screened in other countries such as USA, Japan, Germany, and England. For example, Berlin international film festival invited these to the Forum section of the Festival. <Æľ÷Àü¾ß ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³> Á¦À۳⵵ : 1990³â Á¦ÀÛ : Àå»ê°ù¸Å 80³â´ëÁß¹ÝÀÌÈÄ Áö¼ÓµÈ Çѱ¹ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÀüÁøÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇϸ鼭, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ÀÇ ¹ßÀü¿¡ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç´Â È°µ¿ÀÌ Áß´ÜµÈ Àå»ê°ù¸Å°¡ 1990³â¿¡ Á¦ÀÛÇÑ ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ÇÑ Áß¼Ò±â¾÷ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀ» °á¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ Á¶Á÷ÇÏ°í ÅõÀïÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À» ¼¶¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö½Ê¸¸ÀÌ ³Ñ´Â °ü°´¿¡°Ô »ó¿µµÊÀ¸·Î¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì Çѱ¹µ¶¸³¿µÈ­ÀÇ °íÀüÀÌ µÈ ÀÛÇ°À¸·Î ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ½Å±Ô Á¶ÇÕ¿øµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä ±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ »ó¿µÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ Çï±â¸¦ µ¿¿øÇؼ­ ÃÖ·çźÀ» »Ñ¸®±â±îÁö ÇÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ °­¾ÐÀûÀΠź¾ÐÀ¸·Î È­Á¦¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸±âµµ Çß´Ù. Night before strike Representing the progress of the Korean labor movement since 1987, this monumental work helped labor movement strengthen organizing drive. This film was made by independent film collective (now no more active) Jang San Got Mae in 1990 and shows how an union is organized under the hard oppression both from the company and government. Now being the classic of the independent labor film in Korean history, was seen by more than several hundred thousand people and is still used as education tool for new membership training in many unions. Also, the government's hard pressure such as tear gas by helicopter at the screening in one university is still remembered as a symbol of the situation of the progressive independent film and video movement. <ÆнºÆ®Çªµå ¿ì¸Õ> ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop) ´Üü ¼Ò°³(ÀÛ°¡¼Ò°³) ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop)Àº 1969³â °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ¿µÈ­Á¦ÀÛÀ̶ó´Â ½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â À°Ã¼³ëµ¿À» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé, Áö³ªÃÄ°¡´Â À¯Çà°°Àº °Íº¸´Ù ´õ Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ñ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¶¥À̳ª ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö´Â »ç¶÷µé, ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åä·Ð¿¡ À־ ¼­·Î¸¦ ¾Æ³¥ ÁÙ ¾Æ´Â ¹ÎÁßÀÇ ÈûÀ» ½Å·ÚÇÏ´Â ±×·± »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ´ã°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̾߱âÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop) ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®´Â ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ È­ÀÚÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» Á¸ÁßÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ëºÎºÐ ¼­¼úÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­, ´ÜÁö ¼ÒÀ縦 Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸´Â »ç¶÷ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½º½º·Î ÀÛÇ°À» Çؼ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀº ´ëÇп¡¼­ ¸¹ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇ¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ´ëÇг»ÀÇ °íµîÇб³¿Í ±³È¸, ¿©·¯ °øµ¿Ã¼ ±×·ìµéÀÌ ¿ì¸® ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» À¯¿ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á·Î »ý°¢Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °ø°øµµ¼­°ü, ¹Ú¹°°ü, ±×¸®°í ¹Ìµð¾î ¼¾Å¸µé ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ÀÚ·á·Î ±¸ºñÇØ ³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop) ÀÛÇ°µéÀº, ºñÆò°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Âù»ç¸¦ ¹ÞÀº PBS ¿¬Àç¹° P.O.V.¿Í ±³À°Ã¤³Î¿¡ µ¶¸³Á¦ÀÛ¹°·Î ¹æ¼ÛµÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù. 1990³â ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop)Àº ¹æ¼Û ¾ð·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼ö¿©µÇ´Â ¾ËÇÁ·¹µå µÚÆþ-ÄÝ·Òºñ¾Æ ´ëÇлó(The Alfred l. duPont-Columbia Univercity)°ú ÅÚ·¹ºñÁ¯¿¡ À־ÀÇ ¿ì¼ö¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼ö¿©µÇ´Â ä³ÎÁî¸Å°ÅÁø(Channels magazines)»óÀ» ȹµæÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´õ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ¾îÆÓ¼ó(Appalshop)ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀÌ ´º¿å°ú ·±´ø ¿µÈ­Á¦(New York and London Film Festival)¿¡¼­ °ÝÂù¹Þ¾Ò°í, Àü±¹ ±³À° ¿µÈ­ ¹× ºñµð¿À Æ佺Ƽ¹ß(National Educational Film and Video Festival), ¹Ì±¹ ¿µÈ­ ¹× ºñµð¿À Æ佺Ƽ¹ß(American Film and Video Festival), Áö±¸ ÆòÈ­ ±¹Á¦ ¿µÈ­Á¦(EarthPeace International Film Festival) µî¿¡¼­ ¼ö»óÇÏ¿´´Ù. Appalshop began in 1969 as and experiment in commuity-based filmmaking. We try to bring the voices of those who still work with their hands, those who see taking care of the land and water as something more thatn a passing trend, those who still believe in the power of people to take care of each other into the discussion of what is important in the world. Stylistically. Appalshop documents acknowledge the speaker's abality to tell his/her own story. The films and videotapes are largely unnarrated, and encourage viewers to arrive at their own interpretation of the material presented. Colleges and universities have found wide application for Appalsop's work, as have secondary schools, churches and community groups. Public libraries, museums, and media centers continue to add Appalshop films and videotapes to their collections. Appalshop productions have aired on the critically acclaimed PBS series P.O.V. and as part of The Independents on The learning Channel. In 1990, Appalshop received the Alfred l. duPont-Columbia University Award for Broadcast Journalism and Channels magazine's Award for Broadcast Journalism and Channels magazine's Award for Excellence in Television. More recently, Appalshop work was honored at the New York and London Film Festivals and won awards at the National Educational Film and Video Festival, American Film and Video Festival, and Earthpeace International Film Festival, among others. ÆнºÆ®Çªµå ¿ì¸Õ (Fast Food Women) ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ "³­ Á¤¸» ÇÇ°ïÇØ. ¹ßÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ°í, ÇÑ 5ÆÄ¿îµå Á¤µµÀÇ ±â¸§À» µÚÁý¾î ¾´ °Í °°¾Æ....... ¸¸¾à ³×°¡ ÇÏ·çÁ¾ÀÏ ±×¸± ¿·¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³× ¸ö¿¡¼­ ±â¸§ÀÌ ¶Ò¶Ò ¶³¾îÁö´Â °Í °°À» °Å¾ß." - µå·ç´õ(Druther : ÆнºÆ®ÇªµåÁ¡ À̸§)¿¡¼­ ¿ä¸®ÇÏ´Â ¼¼·¹´Ù Äݸ®¿¡ (Sereda Collier) "Àº ¸¶Ä¡ °æ°í¹®ÀÎ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. -ÆнºÆ®ÇªµåÁ¡¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ, µ·À» ¹ö´Â °Í°ú ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ÇØ·Ó´Ù´Â...." - µðÁî ŸÀÓÁî(These Times)ÀÇ ÆÖ ¿ÀÇÁµ¥ÇÏÀ̵å(Pat Aufdeheid) "µµ¹ßÀûÀÌ¸ç ´«À» ¶ß°ÔÇÏ´Â ÀÛÇ°..... ³ªÀÇ Çлýµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý, ÇüÆò°ú °í¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ °üÇØ Àå½Ã°£ÀÇ ¿­Á¤ÀûÀÎ Åä·ÐÀ» ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°." - ¿ö½ÌÅÏ ¸® ´ëÇÐ(Washington & Lee University)ÀÇ ¾Øµå·ù ¸ÆÆ®´Ï¾Æ (Andrew W. McThnia) ¹ýÇÐ ±³¼ö "ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¼öõ¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀ» »ç½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÈ ÀÛÇ°." - ¸¶¿îƾ ¿¥ÆÄÀ̾î Äڹ´ÏƼ Ä®¸®Áö (Mountain Empier Community College), ¼ºÆòµî ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ±âȹÀÚ Ä³·Î ¹«¾î(Caror Moore) "»çȸ°æÁ¦Àû »óȲ°ú, ÀÛ¾÷ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒº¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¸®ÇÑ °üÂû" - ¶óµåÆ÷µå(Radford) ´ëÇÐÀÇ ½Å¹®Çаú, ¹ö³ªµå ÆÀ¹ö±×(Bennard Timberg) °¨µ¶ : ¾Ø Á¸½¼(Anne Johnson) 28 ºÐ <ÁٰŸ®> ÆнºÆ®Çªµå¿©¼ºµé(Fast Food Women)Àº µ¿ºÎ ÄËÅͱ⿡ ÀÖ´Â 4°³ÀÇ °£À̽Ĵ翡¼­ ġŲ, ÇÇÀÚ, Çܹö°Å¸¦ ¿ä¸®ÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ »ýÈ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¹ÐÇÑ °üÂûÀ» ´ã°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¿©¼ºµéÀº Áß³âÀÇ ³ªÀÌ·Î ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» Å°¿ì¸ç °æ¿ì¿¡ µû¶ó °¡Á¤ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼ÒµæÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÀÓ±ÝÀº ÃÖÀúÀÓ±ÝÀ» °Ü¿ì ³Ñ´Â ¼öÁØÀÌ°í »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤°ú °èȹ¿¡ µû¶ó ÀüÀϳ뵿À» Èû°ã°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ °Ç°­°ú À̵濡 ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÆнºÆ®ÇªµåÁ¡ ÀÏÀÌ Ã¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé°í, °¡Ä¡¸¦ Ç϶ô½ÃŲ´Ù´Â ¹Ù¹Ù¶ó °¡½¼(Babara Garson : 'the Electronic Sweatshop'ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ)ÀÇ ºÐ¼®ÀÌ, µå·ç´õ(Druther's) üÀÎÁ¡ Àλç°ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ -´ëÁ¶ÀûÀÎ-ÀÇ°ß°ú ÇÔ²² Àå¸é»ðÀԵȴÙ. ÀÛ¾÷ÀåÀÇ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ Àå¸éÀº, Ä«¿îÅÍ ¹Ý´ëÆí¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀûÈ®ÇÑ, °£È¤ ¹®Á¦½ÃµÉ¸¸ÇÑ ½Ã¼±À¸·Î ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ÆнºÆ® Ǫµå ¿©¼ºµé(Fast Food Women)Àº Çö´ë ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû »óȲÀ» ÀûÀýÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â, ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒº¯È­¿Í ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÇöÀåÀÌ Á÷¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀï°Å¸®¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. "I'm real tired. My feet hurt and I feel like I've got about five pounds of grease on me.... If you stand over that grill all day, it feels like it's going to drip off of you."-Sereda Collier, cook at Druther's "Fast Food Women acts like a warning notice : fast food work is hazardous to the pocketbook and the soul." -Pat Aufderheide, In These Times "A provocative and eye-opening work.... It drew my students into and intense and lengthy discussion about issues of equity and employment." -Andrew W. McThenia Jr. Professor of Law, washington & Lee University "The reality of daily family life for thousands of Americans is portrayed as these working women tell their stories- and hearing these stories is effective and can change lives." -Carol Moore, Director, Gender Equity Program, Mountain Empire Community College "A penetrating look at social and economic conditions and the changing roles of women in the workplace" -Bernard Timberg, Department of Communications, Radford University Directed by Anne Johnson 28 minutes Fast Food Women takes an inside look at the lives of the women who fry chicken, make pizzas and flip burgers at four different fast food restaurants in eastern Kentucky. These women, mostly middle-aged and raising children, are often the sole income source for their families. They work for wages barely above the minimum wage, have trouble getting full-time hours because of their employers' scheduling policies, and are without health care and other benefits. Analysis by Babara Garson (author of The Electronic Sweatshop) of the way fast food jobs systematically dehumanize and devalue the worker is intercut with comments from human resources managers at the Druther's chain. Scenes of women at work round out this incisive, sometimes troubling look at life on the other side of the counter. A useful introduction to economic conditions in contemporary America, Fast Food Women is recommended for discussion of the changing roles of women and the changing face of the American workplace. <¾Æ¶ø ¿©¼º ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ÅõÀï> ¡ÜÀ̽º¶ó¿¤ ÀÛÇ° ¼Ò°³ 1. "Arab Women Workers Textile Workers in Galilee Fight Israeli Companies" 2. "The Mother's School - A New Chance For Arab Women In Galilee" 1. The Video "Arab Women Textile Workers in Galilee Fight Israeli Companies" ¹è°æ "°¥¸±¸® ¿©¼º ¹æÁ÷ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé À̽º¶ó¿¤ ÀÚº»°ú ½Î¿ì´Ù. (Arab Women Textile Workers in Galilee Fight Israeli Companies)"´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ »ó´ã¼Ò(Workers' Advice Center)ÀÇ µµ¿òÇÏ¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Áö¿ª À¯¼±¹æ¼ÛÀÇ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ 10ºÐÂ¥¸® Çʸ§Àº °¥¸±¸® (Galilee :À̽º¶ó¿¤ ºÏÂÊÁö¹æ)ÀÇ ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ¿©¼º³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±×¸²À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×µéÀº À̽º¶ó¿¤ ½Ã¹ÎÀ̳ª °øÀåÀÇ À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÎ »ó»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÎÁ¾Àû Â÷º°¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ ´Ù·ç°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â Áö±¸È­(¿ªÁÖ:ÀÚº»ÀÇ Áö±¸È­¿¡ µû¸£´Â ¹®Á¦-ÁÖº¯±¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ ÂøÃë)ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ¿ä¸£´Ü, ÀÌÁýÆ®, ÅÍÅ° µî ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó·Î ÀÌÀüÇÑ À̽º¶ó¿¤ Á÷¹°°øÀåµé¿¡¼­´Â °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß 100ºÒ±îÁö¹Û¿¡ ¸ø ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¹Ý¸é À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼­´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÀÓ±ÝÀÌ 700ºÒÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÚ »ó´ã¼Ò(WAC)°¡ ºñµð¿À Àåºñ¸¦ ±¸ºñÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â Áö¿ª À¯¼±¹æ¼Û¿¡ »óȲÀÇ Á߿伺À» ÀνÄÄÉÇÏ°í, ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â Çʸ§À» ¹æ¿µÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©¼º³ëµ¿ÀÚµé, Á÷¹°¾÷°è ³»ºÎÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ »óȲÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ±âÀ§Çؼ­ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ù ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀÌ 96³â 7¿ù¿¡ ÃÔ¿µµÇ¾ú°í, µÎ ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀÌ 2ÁÖÈÄÀÎ 95³â 8¿ù¿¡ ÃÔ¿µµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¹àÈ÷´Â °ÍÀº Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ TV Àåºñ¸¦ °¡Áö°í °øÀå ¹®¿¡ °¬°í, Çʸ§ ±×ÀÚü¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀλóȲ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô À̾߱âÇß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ºÐÀ§±â¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. 8¿ù2ÀÏ ±×µéÀº, ȸ»ç°¡ ºñµð¿À ¼Ó¿¡ µîÀåÇÑ µÎ¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ÇØ°íÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ Áï°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Æľ÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ±× µÎ¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ ÇØ°íµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ÃÔ¿µµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÆÆç( Macpell) °øÀå¿¡¼­ ÀϾ 250³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀº 96³â 10¿ù, ȸ»ç°¡ °øÀåÀ» Æó¼âÇÏ°í ¸ðµç ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ÇØ°íÇßÀ» ¶§, ÁߴܵǾú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ÅõÀïÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ³ëµ¿°è±ÞÀ», Ưº°È÷ ¿©¼º³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ´õ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ »ó´ã¼Ò(WAC)¿Í ±×µéÀÇ º¯È£»çµéÀº ¸ÆÆç(Macpell)ȸ»ç¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÑ 8¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ Åº¿ø¼­(ÁøÁ¤¼­)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ª»ç·¿(Nazareth)³ëµ¿ ¹ýÁ¤ÀÇ ÆÇ°áÀ» ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °á°ú´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ôµµ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Background The Video "Arab Women Textile Workers in Galilee Fight Israeli Companies" is actually two programs of local cable TV that was done with the help of WAC (Workers' Advice Center). This 10 minutes film gives a picture of Arab Women workers in Galilee (Northern Israel) who are Israeli citizens but face National discrimination from the Israeli bosses of their companies. The basic problem dealt in this Video is globalization - meaning the transfer of textile factories to Jordan, Eagpt, Turkey and other countries were Israeli companies pay wages of up to 100$ a month while is Israel the minimum wage is 700$. WAC has no means to buy a video equipment but we were able to convince the local Cable TV of the importance of the situation and then use their film which was quiet supportive of the workers to show the women workers themselves and the general public the real situation inside the Textile shops. It is important to note that the first part was shot in July 1995 and the second two weeks later in the beginning of August 1995. The fact we came with the TV crew to the factory gate and the film itself were the workers spoke freely on their inhuman conditions had an influence on the mood of the workers. In August 2nd they started a strike. Immediately the company fired the two workers who spoke in the Video. The second part was shot after the two workers were fired. This struggle of 250 women workers in Macpell company factory ended in October 1995 when the company closed the factory and fired all the workers. However the fight of these brave women workers had a stimulation influence on the Arab working class in general and on Women workers in particular. Moreover WAC and its lawyers are still waiting for Nazareth Labor court decision on a petition filed by 8 workers against Macpell company. The result will be important for the other workers. 2. The Video "The Mothers' School - A New Chance For Arab Women In Galilee" "¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ Çб³ -°¥¸±¸®(Galilee) ¾Æ¶ø ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ±âȸ"´Â °¥¸±¸®(Galilee), ¸¶Áîµå ¿¤Å©·ë(Majd ElKrum) ¾Æ¶ø ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¾Ë ¹ÙÄ«(Al-Baqa)¹®È­ ¼¾Å¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ±âȹ¿¡ °üÇØ ´ãÀº µÎºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³ª´µ¾îÁø ºñµð¿ÀÀÌ´Ù. (¾Ë¹ÙÄ«Al-Baqa´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÚ »ó´ã¼Ò¿Í ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ±³À°Àº À̽º¶ó¿¤ ³» ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀ» °í¸³È­½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. (¾Æ¶øÀÎÀºÀ̽º¶ó¿¤ Àα¸ÀÇ 20%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×°ÍÀº 5¹é¸¸ ÁßÀÇ 1¹é¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ¶øÀÎÀÓÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.) ºñ¹Ð °æÂûÀÇ»ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ÅëÁ¦, ¾Æ¶ø, ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·Àû Á¤Ã¼¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ð±Þµµ °á¿©ÇÑ ±³À°°úÁ¤, ºÎÆÐÇÑ ÇàÁ¤°ú ±âÃÊÀû ½Ã¼³µéÀÇ ºÎÁ· µî. ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ÇлýµéÀ» ±×µéÀÇ Çб³·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼Ò¿Ü½ÃÅ°´Â ¹è°æÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±× °á°ú´Â 12Çгâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ 50%ÀÇ ÇлýµéÀÌ ³«Á¦ÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Å¿ì ³·Àº Á¹¾÷À²À» º¸ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀΠȸ»çµé¿¡¼­ º¸Åë ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ±â¼úÁ÷À̳ª °ü¸®Á÷À¸·Î ±â¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â »ç½Ç ¶ÇÇÑ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸¹Àº Áß¿äÇÑ À̽º¶ó¿¤ °æÁ¦ ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ÁøÀÔÀÌ ¾Æ¿¹ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. À¯´ë À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀεéÀÇ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â 46%ÀÇ ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ Á÷¾÷À» °®´Â ¹Ý¸é, ¾Æ¶ø¿©¼ºµéÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿ÀÁ÷ 16%¸¸ÀÌ Á÷¾÷À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¸Ó´ÏµéÀÇ Çб³ »ç¾÷(±âȹ)Àº µÎ°¡Áö Àü¼±¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÅõÀïÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. -±³À°: ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¹è¿ì´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±³À縦 ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ¿©¼ºµé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î½á ±×µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» µµ¿ï¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸ç, °á±¹¿¡´Â ±³À°Á¦µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ð·Â Çà»çÀÇ Ãâ¹ßÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. -¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿°è±Þ ¿©¼ºµéÀ» °­È­½ÃÅ°°í, ±×µé¿¡°Ô »çȸ¿¡¼­, °æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î °á±¹¿¡´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀ¸·Î±îÁö È°µ¿ÀûÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï °Ý·ÁÇÏ´Â °Í Background (¹è°æ) "The Mothers' School - A New Chance For Arab Women In Galilee" is a two parts video about a unique project of Al-Baqa Cultural Center in Majd ElKrum Arab village in Galilee (Al-Baqa works closely with WAC). The Arab education system in Israel is aimed at marginalizing the Arabs inside Israel (20% of Israel's population - 1 Million out of 5 millions). The strict control of security police on personnel, the curriculum which lacks any mention of Arab and Palestinian National identity, the corrupt administration and lack of basic facilities - all contribute towards complete alienation of the Arab students from their schools. The result is 50% drop out of students before 12th grade and very poor results of graduates. Also influential is the fact that Israeli companies usually do not employ Arab workers in managerial and technical positions. In many important sections of Israeli economy Arabs are not allowed to enter at all. Only 16% of Arab women work in comparison to 46% in Jewish Israeli society. The Mother School Project is an attempt to fight on two fronts: Education: to teach Arab women the basic material learnt by their kids so they can help them in school and eventually start to put pressure on the school system. Empowering Arab working class women and give them the necessary push to be active in the society, economically, socially and eventually politically. ¡Ü À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿°è±Þ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·á BACKGROUND: THE ARAB WORKING CLASS IN ISRAEL The unique social and economic structure of the Arab population of (1 million) in Israel, and the special problems of its working class cannot be understood without reviewing its history. This large community comprising 20% of Israel's population formally gained all the rights given by law to Jewish citizens and was integrated into the economic structure of the state. At the same time, the state has developed specific policies towards the Arab sector. Generally, independent endeavors are not permitted and Arabs are made dependent on an economy controlled by Jewish Israelis. The Arabs constitute a reserve workforce, supplying the Israeli market with stable, ready-to-order labor without wielding any bargaining power. As a result, the Arab sector in general, and working class in particular, do not have any influence on the decision-making process of the state. 1948-1967: From an Agrarian to a Proletarian Society Seventy-five percent of the 156,000 Palestinians who remained in Israel after the 1948 war sustained themselves with primitive agriculture in small villages. The towns were almost emptied of their citizens and only the poorest peasants stayed. There was no Arab capital that could be invested in independent industry. The whole Arab population was put under military rule until 1966. This imposed very strict restrictions on movement into Jewish towns and villages. Those who had become laborers during the British Mandate and worked, for example, on the railroad and in oil refineries were laid off. The Arab population was barred from working in Jewish-Israeli industry while their main livelihood, agriculture, was disrupted when huge tracts of land were confiscated to build Jewish settlements. In 1945, the average person had 19 dunams of land; in 1981, the average shrunk to 0.84 dunam per person. During the fifties, when the Israeli state was concerned mainly with the absorption of waves of Jewish immigrants, the Arab population was confined to its villages and towns with hardly any means of livelihood. Only at the beginning of the sixties, when the Israeli economy widened its scope, and had a need for cheap unskilled labor, was a decision made to facilitate Arab entry into certain areas of work. In 1959, a discussion within MAPAI, the leading Israeli party, dealt with admitting Arab laborers into the Histadrut. Also mentioned were the shattered hopes that the remaining Arab population would leave the country. When this did not happen after the Kufr Qassem slaughter of 1956 there was a growing understanding that the Arabs were here to stay. The acceptance of Arab workers into Jewish industry stepped up the process of proletarianization and migrant work in the Jewish cities like Tel Aviv, Haifa, and even as far south as Eilat. Many Arabs toiled on Israeli farms while their land was left unworked. Arab local industry remained unfeasible because of a lack of capital (Arabs could not get state loans), electricity (available in the Arab communities starting only in the seventies), or industrial zones (which must be approved by the state.) The following table illustrates the rapid change from an agrarian to a proletarian society: YEAR AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY & BUILDING SERVICE 1954 58% 22% 20% 1961 38% 35% 20% 1970 27% 44% 29% 1983 6% 57% 22% 1986 - 61% 28% Atomized and scattered throughout various Jewish industries, the Arabs were not in a position to negotiate for better conditions or to defend themselves against being fired. If they lived in the towns during the week they were living in inhuman conditions, isolated in a racist and hostile society. If they lived at home, they had to commute up to six hours a day to work and back. 1967: A Structural Change in the Arab Working Class After the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza and the Golan Heights in 1967, the Israeli economy underwent a dual change. On the one hand, the country began developing a high-tech metal and electronics industry. Primarily serving the production of armaments, these industries attracted highly skilled members of the Jewish workforce. For security reasons, Arabs were excluded from this industry. On the other hand, the food, textile and building industries flourished due to the input of mass, unskilled, cheap labor from the territories. Meanwhile, Palestinian Arabs from Israel have been in a position inferior to Jewish employees, but superior to workers from the territories. They replace oriental Jewish workers in intermediate positions such as construction subcontracting, electricity, plumbing, carpentry and roofing. Until the early seventies, there was a growing level of education in Arab-Israeli villages. The number of children completing school up to the 9th grade grew from 7.6% in 1961 to 29.5% in 1980 and 36.4% in 1986. But there is a blatant lack of technical and professional schools in the Arab sector. For example, 25% of Jewish youth over 14 studied at professional schools while in the Arab sector only 2.9% did. Computers, laboratories, and even libraries are almost nonexistent in Arab schools due to lack of sufficient budgets, indicating a systematic state negligence and disinterest in advancing technical education in the Arab community. The national government prefers instead to preserve the status quo. As a result, the Arab population has the lowest income rate in the 1948 borders of Israel. Ministry of Welfare statistics from 1987 show that 8.3% of Jewish families were under the poverty line, while the number of Arab families was 46.1%. Of Arab children, 59.2% were under the poverty line, in comparison with 10.2% of Jewish children. Between 1967-1974 the gap between the income of Jewish and Arab families was closing, probably because of the economic boom, but after 1974 this trend reversed and the income gap has been deepening ever since. ARAB PALESTINIAN WOMEN IN THE LABOR MARKET In 1985 only 23,000 Arab women were employed. This constitutes 17% of the Arab work force. While in 1961, 33% of working women were employed in agriculture, in 1985 the number decreased to 4%. The difference was taken up by employment in industry, which in 1985 constituted 31.6% of the female workforce. One of the reasons for this change is the ``Rais,'' a kind of intermediate contractor between the Arab village and the Jewish factory. The Rais exploits the traditional practice of women not usually being allowed to work outside the home. He acts as a surrogate ``brother'' or ``father'' to the working girl. This is a ruse, since he does not insist that the Jewish boss register the employee in the national or health insurance and he then deducts a large part of her salary for himself. Some big textile factories have opened branches in Arab villages solely to exploit cheap female labor. THE CASE OF MAJD AL-KRUM The village of Majd al-Krum is in the al-Shaghur Valley on the main road between Acre and Safad, in the Western Galilee. The village was historically dependent on agriculture, dating back hundreds of years. Today of the 8,500 residents, 2% make a living in agriculture. During the British Mandate the villagers owned 17,754 dunams, and were not able to produce more than they consumed. By the forties, many inhabitants of the village worked as laborers in the Haifa area; forty families even emigrated to Haifa. The war of 1948 caused dramatic changes in the village. One third of the residents fled to Lebanon and Syria, and many Palestinians from other villages found refuge in Majd al-Krum and became refugees in their own country. They lost their land in their destroyed villages and had no choice but to become laborers. Immediately after the war the state of Israel confiscated 10,000 dunams of land in Majd al-Krum. During the Sixties, when the State was preparing to establish the exclusively Jewish town of Carmiel, more land was confiscated. The land of the villagers was thus reduced to 4,500 dunams, most of it rocky and unfit for agriculture. By the seventies, most of the wage earners had become laborers in Jewish cities. There is no industry in the village and no prospect for the establishment of an industrial area because the state will not approve a license or release land for such a project. Since the mid-eighties 17 workshops have been established, some of which employ a small number of workers and function as suppliers to Jewish industries or are in partnership with Jewish businessmen. There are also 75 shops and service offices. Yet, 87% of the wage earners work outside of Majd al-Krum, 24% of them in construction. (Of those in construction, 86% are skilled workers.) The picture is clear. There is no prospects for economic development in the village, and most of the wage earners have to look for a living outside the village. The lucky ones find work in nearby Jewish cities, the less fortunate have to travel long hours to cities farther away. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ¾Æ¶øÀÎ ³ëµ¿°è±Þ (ÀÛÇ°À» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹è°æ ÀÚ·á) À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¹é¸¸ ¾Æ¶ø Àα¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ »çȸ°æÁ¦ ±¸Á¶¶óµçÁö ³ëµ¿°è±ÞÀÇ Æ¯¼öÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀº ±× ¿ª»ç¸¦ °íÂûÇØ º¼ ¶§¿¡¸¸ ÀÌÇØµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ Àα¸ÀÇ 20%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î´Â À¯ÅÂ°è ½Ã¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â ¸ðµç ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÀ¸¸ç À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ °æÁ¦ ±¸Á¶ ¼Ó¿¡ ÅëÇյǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿½Ã¿¡ À̽º¶ó¿¤Àº ¾Æ¶øÀε鿡 ´ëÇÑ Æ¯¼öÇÑ Á¤Ã¥µéÀ» °³¹ßÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î µ¶¸³À» ÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀº ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº À¯Å°迡 ÀÇÇØ Áö¹èµÇ´Â °æÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ¾î¶² Çù»ó·Âµµ Çà»çÇÏÁö ¸øÇϴ ä·Î À̽º¶ó¿¤ ½ÃÀå¿¡ °í¿ëµÇ±â¸¸À» ±â´Ù¸®¸é¼­ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿¹ºñ ³ëµ¿ ÀηÂÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾Æ¶øÀεé, ƯÈ÷³ª ³ëµ¿°è±ÞÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤ °úÁ¤¿¡ ÀüÇô ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. 1948-1967 : ³ó¹Î»çȸ¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Ñ·¹Å¸¸®¾Æ »çȸ·Î 1948³âÀÇ ÀüÀï ÈÄ À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡ ³²Àº 156,000 ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ Àα¸ Áß 75%´Â Á¶±×¸¸ ¸¶À»¿¡¼­ ³ó»ç¸¦ ÁöÀ¸¸ç »ì¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï ³²°ÜÁ³´Ù. µµ½ÃµéÀº °ÅÀÇ ºñ¾î°¬°í ±ØºóÃþ ³ó¹Îµé¸¸ÀÌ ³²¾ÆÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¶øÀε鿡°Ô´Â µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ »ê¾÷¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÒ ÀÚº»ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸ðµç ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº 1966³â±îÁöµµ ±º¹ýÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ µµ½Ã³ª ¸¶À»·Î ¿Å±â´Â °Í¿¡ °­·ÂÇÑ Á¦À縦 °¡Çß´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ À§ÀÓÅëÄ¡½ÃÀý¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾î öµµ³ª ¼®À¯È¸»ç °°Àº °÷¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇß´ø »ç¶÷µéÀº ÇØ°í ´çÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº À¯ÅÂ°è °ÅÁÖÃÌÀ» Áþ±â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÇÏ¿¡ ¾öû³­ ÅäÁö¸¦ ¸ô¼ö´çÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ý°è¼ö´ÜÀÎ ³ó¾÷ÀÌ ¹æÇظ¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­µµ À¯ÅÂ°è »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±ÝÁöµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 1945³â »ç¶÷µéÀº Æò±Õ 19´õ³²(dunams)ÀÇ ÅäÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 1981³â¿¡´Â 1Àδç Æò±Õ 0.84´õ³²(dunams)·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÌ À¯Å°è À̹εéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´À¶ó ¿©³äÀÌ ¾ø´ø ±× 15³â µ¿¾È ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹«·± »ý°è ¼ö´Üµµ °®Áö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¸¶À»°ú µµ½Ã¿¡ °¤Çô ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. À̽º¶ó¿¤ °æÁ¦°¡ ¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ÐÈ÷±â ½ÃÀÛÇØ °ª½Ñ ¹Ì¼÷·Ã ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´ø 60³â´ë ÃÊ°¡ µÇ¾î¼­¾ß ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¶øÀε鿡°Ô ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ Áֱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. 1959³â ¸¶ÆÄÀÌ(MAPAI)¿¡¼­ÀÇ È¸´ã¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ È÷½ºÅ¸µå·çÆ®(Histadrut) À¸·ÎÀÇ ÁøÃâÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù·ç¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀÌ ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¶°³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÈåÆ®·¯Áø Èñ¸ÁÀÌ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾ú´Ù. 1956³â ÄíÇÁ¸£ Ä«¼À(Kufr Qassem)ÀÌ ÇÐ»ì ´çÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡µµ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀÚ, ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ±×°÷¿¡ ¸Ó¹«¸¦ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀνÄÀÌ È®»êµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» À¯ÅÂ°è »ê¾÷¿¡ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀº ³ëµ¿°è±ÞÈ­¿Í Åھƺñºê(Tel Aviv), ÇÏÀÌÆÄ(Haifa), ½ÉÁö¾î ¿¡À̶óÆ®(Eilat)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸Õ ³²ºÎÀÇ À¯ÅÂÀεéÀÇ µµ½Ã·Î ÀÏÇÏ·¯ ÀÌÁÖÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¸¹Àº ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¶¥Àº ±×´ë·Î ¹æÄ¡ÇÑ Ã¤, À̽º¶ó¿¤ÀÇ ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾Æ¶øÀÇ Áö¹æ(Áö¿ª) »ê¾÷Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ½ÇÇö °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ÀÚº»ÀÇ ºÎÁ·-¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ³ª¶ó·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ëÃâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù-, Àü±âÀÇ ºÎÁ·-70³â´ë¿¡ µé¾î¼­¼­¾ß »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù-, »ê¾÷Áö´ëÀÇ ºÎÁ·-±×°ÍÀº ±¹°¡·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù- ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ Ç¥´Â ³ó¹Î »çȸ¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ »çȸ·ÎÀÇ ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ º¯È­¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ³â ³ó¾÷ »ê¾÷°ú °Ç¼³¾÷ ¼­ºñ½º 1954 58% 22% 20% 1961 38% 35% 20% 1970 27% 44% 29% 1983 6% 57% 22% 1986 - 61% 28% ´Ù¾çÇÑ À¯ÅÂ°è »ê¾÷¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÈåÆ®·¯Á® ºÐ»êµÈ »óÅ·ΠÁ¸ÀçÇÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©, ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº Á»´õ ³ªÀº Á¶°ÇÀ» À§ÇØ Çù»óÇÏ°í ÇØ°í·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀڽŵéÀ» º¸È£ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ óÁö°¡ µÇÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸¾à ÁÖÁß¿¡ µµ½Ã¿¡ »ê´Ù¸é ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀΠȯ°æ¿¡¼­, ÀÎÁ¾Â÷º°ÀûÀÌ°í Àû´ëÀûÀÎ ºÐÀ§±â¿¡¼­ °í¸³µÈ ä·Î »ì °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¸¸¾à Áý¿¡¼­ »ì¾Ò´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº ¸ÅÀÏ Á÷ÀåÀ» ¿À°¡´Âµ¥ 6½Ã°£À» ¼ÒºñÇؾ߸¸ ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1967³â :¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿°è±ÞÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯È­ 1967³â ¿þ½ºÆ®¹ðÅ©(West Bank), °¡ÀÚ(Gaza) ±×¸®°í °ñ¶õ ÇÏÀÌÃ÷(Golan Heights)ÀÇ Á¡À¯ ÈÄ, À̽º¶ó¿¤ °æÁ¦´Â µÎ°¡Áö º¯È­¸¦ °Þ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î ±¹°¡´Â °í±Þ ±â¼úÀÇ ±Ý¼Ó, ÀüÀÚ »ê¾÷À» °³¹ßÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ÁÖ·Î ±º¼ö »ê¾÷À» Å°¿ì¸é¼­ ÀÌµé »ê¾÷Àº À¯Å°èÀÇ °íµµ·Î ¼÷·ÃµÈ ³ëµ¿ ÀηÂÀ» À¯Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º¸¾È»óÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº ÀÌ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ ¹èÁ¦µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é À½½Ä, ¼¶À¯, °ÇÃà¾÷Àº Áö¹æ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÔµÈ °Å´ë ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¹Ì¼÷·Ã, ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ °ø±ÞÀ¸·Î ȣȲÀ» ¸Â¾Ò´Ù. ÇÑÆí ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ°è ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀº À¯Å°è ÇÇ°í¿ëÀÎµé º¸´Ù ³·Àº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ Áö¹æ¿¡¼­ ¿Â ³ëµ¿Àڵ麸´Ù´Â ³ªÀº À§Ä¡¸¦ °®°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ °ÇÃà Çϵµ±Þ, ÀüÀÚ, ¿¬°ü Á¦Á¶¾÷, ¸ñ°ø¾÷, ÁöºØ °ø»ç¿Í °°Àº Áß°£ À§Ä¡ÀÇ À¯ÅÂ°è ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀ» ´ëüÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. 70³â´ë ÃʹݱîÁö ¾Æ¶ø-À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¸¶À»ÀÇ ±³À° ¼öÁØÀÌ Á¡Â÷ ³ô¾ÆÁ³´Ù. 9Çгâ±îÁö ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Çб³¸¦ ¸¶Ä£ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ 1961³â 7.6%¿¡¼­ 1980³â 29.5%, 1986³â 36.4%·Î Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¼úÀû- Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Çб³ ±³À°Àº ¸í¹éÈ÷ ºÎÁ·Çß´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î À¯Å°è 14¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ 25%°¡ Àü¹®Çб³¿¡¼­ °øºÎÇÑ ¹Ý¸é ¾Æ¶ø°èÀÇ °æ¿ì ¿ÀÁ÷ 2.9%¸¸ÀÌ ±×·²¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¶ø°è Çб³´Â ¿¹»êÀÇ ºÎÁ·À¸·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ, ½ÇÇè½Ç, ½ÉÁö¾î µµ¼­°üµµ °®ÃßÁö ¸øÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¾Æ¶ø°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù³ªÀº Àü¹® ±³À°ÀÇ Á¦°ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °íÀÇÀûÀÎ ¹«½Ã¿Í ¹«°ü½ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»ÁØ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â Â÷¶ó¸® Çö »óŸ¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¶ø°è´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ³·Àº ¼öÀÔÀ²À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1987³â º¹ÁöºÎ Åë°è¸¦ º¸¸é À¯ÅÂ°è °¡Á·µé Áß 8.3%°¡ ºó°ï¼± ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Àִµ¥ ¹ÝÇØ, ¾Æ¶ø°è °¡Á·µé Áß 46.1%°¡ ºó°ï¼± ÀÌÇÏÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ À¯ÅÂ°è ¾î¸°À̵éÀÇ 10.2%°¡ ºó°ï¼± ÀÌÇÏÀε¥ ¹ÝÇØ À¯ÅÂ°è ¾î¸°À̵éÀº 59.2%³ª µÈ´Ù. 1967³â°ú 1974³â »çÀÌ¿¡ À¯Å°è¿Í ¾Æ¶ø°è °¡Á·µé °£ÀÇ ¼öÀÔ Â÷´Â ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶ °æÁ¦ ȣȲ ¶§¹®À̾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 1974³â ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌ °æÇâÀº ¹Ù²î¾ú°í, ¼öÀÔÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ±× ÀÌÈÄ °è¼Ó ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¶ø ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎ ¿©¼ºµé 1985³â¿¡´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ 23,000¸íÀÇ ¾Æ¶ø¿©¼ºµéÀÌ °í¿ëµÇ¾ú¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¾Æ¶ø ³ëµ¿ ÀηÂÀÇ 17%¿´´Ù. 1961³â¿¡´Â ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ 33%°¡ ³ó¾÷¿¡ °í¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´øµ¥ ¹ÝÇØ, 1985³â¿¡´Â ±× ºñÀ²ÀÌ 4%·Î ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ Â÷ÀÌ´Â »ê¾÷ ÂÊÀ¸·ÎÀÇ °í¿ë ¶§¹®À̾ú´Âµ¥, 1985³â¿¡ »ê¾÷Àº ¿©¼ºÀηÂÀÇ 31.6%·Î ä¿öÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯ Áß Çϳª´Â ¶óÀ̽º(Rais) ¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â, ¾Æ¶ø ¸¶À»°ú À¯ÅÂ°è °øÀåÀ» ¿¬°èÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Áß°³ÀÎ ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. "¶óÀ̽º(Rais)" ´Â ¿©¼ºµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Áý ¹Û¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¾Æ¶øÀÇ ÀüÅëÀû °ü½ÀÀ» ±³¹¦È÷ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÏÇÏ´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö³ª ¿Àºü·Î ´ë¸®ÀÎ Ç༼¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °è·«À̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â, À¯ÅÂ°è »çÀåÀº ÇÇ°í¿ëÀÎÀ» ±¹°¡¿Í ÀǷẸÇè¿¡ µî·ÏÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò°í µû¶ó¼­ ¿©ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÓ±Ý Áß ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» Àڱ⠸òÀ¸·Î ì°å´Ù. ¸î¸î °Å´ëÇÑ ¼¶À¯È¸»çµéÀº ¾Æ¶ø ¸¶À»¿¡ ÁöÁ¡À» µÎ¾ú´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ °ª½Ñ ¿©¼º ³ëµ¿À» ÂøÃëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­¿´´Ù. ¸¶Áîµå ¾Ë-Å©·ë(MAJD AL-KRUM)ÀÇ »ç·Ê ¸¶Áîµå ¾Ë Å©·ë(Majd al-Krum)¸¶À»Àº ¼­ºÎ °¥¸±¸®ÀÇ, ¿¡ÀÌÄ¿(Acre) ¿Í »çÆĵå(Safad) »çÀÌÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä µµ·Î¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾Ë »þ±¼ °è°î(al-Shaghur Valley)¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¸¶À»Àº ¼ö¹é³â µ¿¾È ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ó¾÷¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯¿£ 8,500°ÅÁÖÀÚµé Áß 2%¸¸ÀÌ ³ó¾÷À¸·Î »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¿¡ ¸¶À»Àº 17,754´õ³²(dunams)ÀÇ ¶¥À» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú°í ±×µéÀÌ ¼ÒºñÇÏ´Â ¾ç ÀÌ»óÀ» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. 40³â´ë¿¡´Â ±× ¸¶À»ÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ÅÁֹεéÀÌ ÇÏÀÌÆÄÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ·Î ÀÏÇß°í, 40°¡±¸´Â ÇÏÀÌÆÄ·Î ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌÁÖ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1948³â ÀüÀïÀº ¸¶À»¿¡ ¾öû³­ º¯È­¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿Ô´Ù. °ÅÁֹεé Áß 1/3Àº ·¹¹Ù³í°ú ½Ã¸®¾Æ·Î µµ¸ÁÃÆ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ¸¶À»¿¡ »ì´ø ¸¹Àº ÆÈ·¹½ºÅ¸ÀÎÀεéÀº ¸¶ÁÖµå ¾Ë-Å©·ë(Majd Al-Krum)À¸·Î Çdz­ÇØ ¿Í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿¡ »ç´Â ³­¹ÎÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö·È´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹«³ÊÁ® ¹ö¸° ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À»¿¡¼­ ¶¥À» ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ³¡³ªÀÚ ¸¶ÀÚ À̽º¶ó¿¤ Á¤ºÎ´Â ¸¶Áîµå ¾Ë-Å©·ë(Majd al-Krum)¿¡¼­ 10,000 ´õ³²(dunams)ÀÇ ÅäÁö¸¦ ¸ô¼öÇß´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ À¯Å°踸ÀÇ ¹èŸÀûÀÎ µµ½Ã Ä«¹Ì¿¤(Carmiel)À» °Ç¼³ÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ´ø 60³â´ë µ¿¾È ´õ¿í ¸¹Àº ÅäÁö°¡ ¸ô¼ö´çÇß´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¸¶À»ÀÇ ÅäÁö´Â 4,500 ´õ³²(dunams)À¸·Î ÁÙ¾ú°í ±×³ª¸¶ ³ó»çÁþ±â¿¡ ºÎÀûÇÕÇÏ°í ¹ÙÀ§Åõ¼ºÀÌÀÇ ¶¥»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. 70³â´ë ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº À¯ÅÂÀÎµé µµ½ÃÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶À»¿¡´Â »ê¾÷ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í »ê¾÷Áö´ë¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÒ Àü¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â ±¹°¡°¡ Çã°¡ÇØÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, ±×·± ¸ñÀû¿¡´Â ¶¥À» ³»ÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. 80³â´ë Áß¹Ý ÀÌÈÄ 17°³ÀÇ ÀÏÅÍ°¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ±×µé Áß ÀϺδ ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¸¦ °í¿ëÇß°í À¯ÅÂ°è »ê¾÷¿¡ °ø±ÞÀڷμ­ ¿ªÇÒÇϰųª À¯ÅÂ°è ½Ç¾÷°¡¿Í Á¦ÈÞÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ 75°³ÀÇ »óÁ¡°ú ¼­ºñ½º »ç¹«½ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ 87%´Â ¸¶Áîµå ¾Ë Å©·ë(Majd al-Krum)¹Û¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ°í, ±×µé Áß 24%´Â °Ç¼³ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù. °Ç¼³¾÷¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé Áß 86%´Â ¼÷·Ã ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù. »óȲÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÏ´Ù. ±× ¸¶À»¿¡´Â °æÁ¦¹ßÀüÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ¸¶À» ¹Û¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ¿î ÁÁÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº °¡±î¿î À¯ÅÂÀÎ µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ ÀÏÀ» ã°ÚÁö¸¸ º°·Î ¿îÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¸ø ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÈξÀ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø µµ½Ã·Î ¸î½Ã°£¾¿ ´Ù³à¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« F.A.W.U(½ÄÇ° »ê¾÷ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ ¿¬¸Í)ÀÇ <¾î¾÷ ³íÀï> ÀÛÇ°¼Ò°³ ¾î¾÷ ³íÀï (½ÄÇ°»ê¾÷ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ ÀÛÇ°) ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°Àº ½ÄÇ°»ê¾÷ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ ¿¬¸Í(FAWU)ÀÇ ¿äûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº, ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¾î¾÷¿¡ Á¦¾ÈµÇ¾îÁø º¯È­¿Í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È­µéÀÌ »ê¾÷ÀÇ »ó¾÷¼º¿¡, ±×¸®°í ºñ°ø½ÄÀû ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀΰ¡¶ó´Â ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´ø ³íÀïÀ» Ưȭ½ÃÄÑ ¾Ë¸®±â À§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. ½ÄÇ°»ê¾÷³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ(FAWU)´Â ¾î¾÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±¸Á¶Á¶Á¤À» ´ÜÇàÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¾ÈÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ºñµð¿À´Â ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ °üÁ¡À» ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ÀÇ »çȸ°æÁ¦Àû °³Çõ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ Å½»ö`°¥¸ÁÀ» À̲ø°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. »ó¿µ½Ã°£ : 16ºÐ 30ÃÊ Fisheries Debate This video was commissioned by the Food and Allied Workers Union of South Africa (FAWU) to highlight the debate on proposed changes to the fishing industry in SA and how those changes impact on the commercial side of the industry and on informal fishermen. FAWU has rejected governments proposals for reforms to the fishing industry. This video documents the unions point of view as it spearheads labours quest for social and economic transformation in South Africa. running time: 16 minutes 30 seconds